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Personal, interpersonal, and cultural predictors of stages of cigarette smoking among adolescents in Johannesburg, South Africa

机译：南非约翰内斯堡青少年吸烟阶段的个人，人际和文化预测因子

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Objective: This study examined the personal, parental, peer, and cultural predictors of stage of smoking among South African urban adolescents. Design: A cross-sectional design was employed. A stratified random approach based on census data was used to obtain the sample. Analyses were conducted using logistic regression. Setting: The study took place in communities in and around Johannesburg, South Africa. Subjects: Participants consisted of 731 adolescents in the age range of 12-17 years old. The sample was 47% male and 53% female, and contained four ethnic classifications: white, black, Indian, and "coloured" (a South African term for mixed ancestry). Methods: A structured, in-person interview was administered to each participant in private by a trained interviewer, after obtaining consent. Main outcome measures: The dependent variables consisted of three stages of smoking: non-smoking, experimental smoking, and regular smoking. The independent measures were drawn from four domains: personal attributes, parental, peer, and cultural influences. Results: Factors in all four domains significantly predicted three different stages of smoking. Personal attributes (internalising and externalising) distinguished among the three stages. Parental factors (for example, affection) reduced the odds of being a regular smoker compared with an experimental smoker or non-smoker, but did not differentiate experimental smokers from non-smokers. Findings from the peer domain (for example, peer substance use) predicted an increase in the risk of being a regular smoker compared with an experimental smoker or non-smoker. In the cultural domain, ethnic identification predicted a decrease in the risk of being a regular smoker compared with an experimental smoker, whereas discrimination and victimisation predicted an increase in the risk of being an experimental smoker compared with a non-smoker. Conclusions: All the domains were important for all four ethnic groups. Four psychosocial domains are important in distinguishing among the three stages of smoking studied. Some predictors differentiated all stages of smoking, others between some of the stages of smoking. Therefore, intervention and prevention programmes which are culturally and linguistically sensitive and appropriate should consider the individual's stage of smoking.
机译：目的：本研究调查了南非城市青少年吸烟阶段的个人，父母，同伴和文化预测因素。设计：采用横截面设计。基于人口普查数据的分层随机方法用于获取样本。使用逻辑回归进行分析。地点：该研究在南非约翰内斯堡及其周围的社区中进行。受试者：参与者为731名12至17岁的青少年。样本为47％的男性和53％的女性，并包含四个种族分类：白人，黑人，印度裔和“有色”（南非为混合血统）。方法：在获得同意后，由受过训练的访调员对每个参与者进行结构化的面对面访谈。主要结局指标：因变量包括吸烟的三个阶段：不吸烟，实验性吸烟和定期吸烟。这些独立的措施来自四个方面：个人属性，父母，同伴和文化影响。结果：所有四个领域的因素均显着预测了吸烟的三个不同阶段。个人属性（内在化和外在化）在三个阶段中有所区别。与实验吸烟者或不吸烟者相比，父母因素（例如，情感）降低了经常吸烟的几率，但没有使实验吸烟者与不吸烟者区分开。同伴领域的发现（例如同伴物质使用）预测，与实验吸烟者或不吸烟者相比，经常吸烟的风险会增加。在文化领域，族裔认同预测与实验吸烟者相比，经常吸烟者的风险降低，而歧视和受害预测与非吸烟者相比，实验吸烟者的风险增加。结论：所有领域对于所有四个族群都是重要的。四个社会心理领域对于区分吸烟的三个阶段很重要。一些预测因子将吸烟的所有阶段区分开，其他预测因子则在吸烟的某些阶段之间进行区分。因此，在文化和语言上敏感且适当的干预和预防计划应考虑个人的吸烟阶段。

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