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首页> 外文期刊>Topics in cognitive science >Social Practice and Shared History, Not Social Scale, Structure Cross-Cultural Complexity in Kinship Systems
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Social Practice and Shared History, Not Social Scale, Structure Cross-Cultural Complexity in Kinship Systems

机译：社会实践与共同历史，而不是社会规模，丛林系统结构跨文化复杂性

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摘要

Human populations display remarkable diversity in language and culture, but the variation is not without limit. At the population level, variation between societies may be structured by a range of macro-evolutionary factors, including ecological and environmental resources, shared ancestry, spatial proximity, and covarying social practices. Kinship terminology systems are varying linguistic paradigms that denote familial social relationships of kin and non-kin. Systems vary by the kinds of salient distinctions that are made (e.g., age, gender, generation) and the extent to which different kinds of kin are called by the same term. Here, we explore two kinds of explanations for an observed typology of kin terms for cousins. The first one derives the typology from a learning bottleneck linked to population size. This would lead to a correlation between community size and the type of kinship system. The second one derives it from a set of social practices, particularly marriage and transfer of resources that might shape kinship systems. Using a global ethnographic database of over a thousand societies, we show that marriage rules and shared linguistic affiliation have a significant influence on the type of kinship system found in a society. This remains true if we control for the effect of spatial proximity and cultural ancestry. By combining cognitive and historic approaches to this aspect of kinship, we suggest broader implications for the study of human social cognition in general.
机译：人类人口在语言和文化中显示出显着的多样性，但变异并非没有限制。在人口层面，社会之间的变化可能会受到一系列宏观演化因素的结构，包括生态和环境资源，共享的祖先，空间接近和社会惯例。亲属术语系统是不同的语言范式，表示亲属和非亲属的家庭社会关系。系统随着所做的突出区分而变化（例如，年龄，性别，一代）以及相同术语调用不同类型的范围。在这里，我们探讨了观察到的堂兄课程类型学的两种解释。第一个源自与人口大小相关的学习瓶颈的类型。这将导致社区规模与亲属系统类型之间的相关性。第二个人从一系列的社会实践，特别是婚姻和可能塑造亲属系统的资源转移来源。使用全球民族造影数据库超过一千个社会，我们展示了婚姻规则和共同的语言学隶属关系对社会中发现的亲属系统类型有重大影响。如果我们控制空间邻近和文化血统的影响，这仍然存在。通过将认知和历史方法与亲属关系的这种方面组合，我们向一般而言之表示对人类社会认知研究的更广泛影响。

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