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On homotopy groups of quandle spaces and the quandle homotopy invariant of links

机译:量子空间的同伦群和链的量子同伦不变量

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For a quandle X, the quandle space BX is defined, modifying the rack space of Fenn, Rourke and Sanderson (1995) [13], and the quandle homotopy invariant of links is defined in Z[π_2(BX)], modifying the rack homotopy invariant of Fenn, Rourke and Sanderson (1995) [13]. It is known that the cocycle invariants introduced in Carter et al. (2005) [3], Carter et al. (2003) [5], Carter et al. (2001) [6] can be derived from the quandle homotopy invariant. In this paper, we show that, for a finite quandle X, π_2(BX) is finitely generated, and that, for a connected finite quandle X, π_2(BX) is finite. It follows that the space spanned by cocycle invariants for a finite quandle is finitely generated. Further, we calculate π_2(BX) for some concrete quandles. From the calculation, all cocycle invariants for those quandles are concretely presented. Moreover, we show formulas of the quandle homotopy invariant for connected sum of knots and for the mirror image of links.
机译:对于X轴,定义了轴空间BX,从而修改了Fenn,Rourke和Sanderson(1995)的机架空间[13],并在Z [π_2(BX)]中定义了链接的轴同伦不变量,从而修改了机架Fenn,Rourke和Sanderson(1995)的同伦不变性[13]。众所周知,Carter等人引入了cocycle不变式。 (2005)[3],Carter等。 (2003)[5],Carter等。 (2001)[6]可以从量子同伦不变性得到。在本文中,我们表明,对于有限量子X,有限生成π_2(BX),对于连通有限量子X,有限的π_2(BX)。随之而来的是,有限周期地产生了由cocycle不变量跨越的空间。此外,我们计算了一些具体量子点的π_2(BX)。从计算中,具体给出了这些分位数的所有cocycle不变式。此外,我们显示了结的连接总和和链接镜像的量子同伦不变性的公式。

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