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A Study on Optimal Pattern and Leader Shift of Formation Flight

机译:编队飞行的最佳模式和领导者转移研究

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摘要

The aerodynamics of formation flight are studied by modeling wings using a horseshoe vortex. During flight in formation, wings receive upwash created by other wings, and the required power consequently decreases. The leading wing in a V formation receives less benefit, while in a U formation, the power reduction rate remains identical over all wings. In long-distance flights, the U formation is optimal. However, when the process of shifting the leader position in a V formation is considered, as is often observed in actual bird flocks in long-distance flights, the power reduction rates of all wings converge into the same value after several shifts. This value is identical to that of the U formation.
机译:通过使用马蹄涡旋对机翼建模,研究了编队飞行的空气动力学特性。在编队飞行期间,机翼会受到其他机翼的冲刷,因此所需的动力会降低。 V形编队中的前翼受益较少,而U形编队中,所有机翼的功率降低率均相同。在长途飞行中,U编队是最佳的。但是,当考虑改变V编队中首领位置的过程时(如在长途飞行中的实际禽群中经常观察到的那样),所有机翼的功率降低率在几次移位后会收敛到相同的值。该值与U构型的值相同。

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