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Gender-Specific Differences in the Central Nervous System’s Response to Anesthesia

机译：中枢神经系统对麻醉反应的性别差异

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摘要

Males and females are physiologically distinct in their responses to various anesthetic agents. The brain and central nervous system (CNS), the main target of anesthesia, are sexually dimorphic from birth and continue to differentiate throughout life. Accordingly, gender has a substantial impact on the influence of various anesthetic agents in the brain and CNS. Given the vast differences in the male and female CNS, it is surprising to find that females are often excluded from basic and clinical research studies of anesthesia. In animal research, males are typically studied to avoid the complication of breeding, pregnancy, and hormonal changes in females. In clinical studies, females are also excluded for the variations that occur in the reproductive cycle. Being that approximately half of the surgical population is female, the exclusion of females in anesthesia-related research studies leaves a huge knowledge gap in the literature. In this review, we examine the reported sex-specific differences in the central nervous system’s response to anesthesia. Furthermore, we suggest that anesthesia researchers perform experiments on both sexes to further evaluate such differences. We believe a key goal of research studying the interaction of the brain and anesthesia should include the search for knowledge of sex-specific mechanisms that will improve anesthetic care and management in both sexes.
机译：男性和女性在生理上对各种麻醉剂的反应截然不同。麻醉的主要目标是大脑和中枢神经系统（CNS），从出生开始就具有性二态性，并在整个生命中继续分化。因此，性别对大脑和中枢神经系统中各种麻醉剂的影响具有重大影响。鉴于男性和女性中枢神经系统的巨大差异，令人惊讶的是发现女性经常被排除在麻醉基础和临床研究之外。在动物研究中，通常对雄性进行研究以避免雌性繁殖，怀孕和荷尔蒙变化的复杂性。在临床研究中，雌性也因生殖周期中发生的变异而被排除在外。由于大约一半的外科手术人群是女性，因此在与麻醉有关的研究中将女性排除在外会在文献中留下巨大的知识空白。在这篇评论中，我们检查了中枢神经系统对麻醉反应的报道的性别差异。此外，我们建议麻醉研究人员对男女进行实验，以进一步评估这种差异。我们认为，研究大脑与麻醉剂相互作用的一项主要目标应包括寻找特定性别的机制知识，以改善男女的麻醉护理和管理。

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