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Biological Sex and Mechanisms of Ischemic Brain Injury

机译:生物学性和缺血性脑损伤的机制

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Cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of death from disease and of disability worldwide, affecting some 15 million people. The incidence of stroke or “brain attack” is unlikely to recede for a decade at minimum by most predictions, despite large public health initiatives in stroke prevention. It has been well established that stroke is also one of the most strikingly sex-specific diseases in its epidemiology and, in some cases, in patient outcomes. For example, women sustain lower rates of ischemic stroke relative to men, even beyond their menopausal years. In contrast, outcomes are worse in women in many clinical studies. The biological basis for this sexual dimorphism is a compelling story, and both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent factors are involved, the latter of which is the subject of this brief review. Understanding the molecular and cell-based mechanisms underlying sex differences in ischemic brain injury is an important step toward personalized medicine and effective therapeutic interventions in patients of both sexes.
机译:脑血管疾病是世界范围内因疾病和致残因素导致死亡的主要原因,约有1500万人受到影响。尽管大多数预防卒中的公共卫生举措,但大多数预测都显示,卒中或“脑部发作”的发生率至少不可能降低十年。众所周知,中风也是流行病学上最引人注目的性别特异性疾病之一,在某些情况下也是患者的预后。例如,相对于男性,女性的缺血性卒中发生率更低,甚至更年期也是如此。相反,在许多临床研究中,女性的预后较差。这种性二态性的生物学基础是一个令人信服的故事,涉及激素依赖性和激素非依赖性因素,后者是本简短综述的主题。理解缺血性脑损伤中性别差异背后的分子和细胞机制是迈向个性化医学和对男女患者进行有效治疗干预的重要一步。

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