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Therapeutic Antibodies in Stroke

机译：中风的治疗性抗体

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Immunotherapy represents an active area of biomedical research to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. In stroke, recanalization therapy is effective in reducing brain tissue damage after acute ischemic stroke. However, the narrow time window restricts its application for the majority of stroke patients. There is an urgent need to develop adjuvant therapies such as immunotherapy, stem cell replacement, and neuroprotective drugs. A number of molecules have been targeted for immunotherapy in stroke management, including myelin-associated proteins and their receptors, N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors, cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules. Both active vaccination and passive antibodies were tested in animal models of acute ischemic stroke. However, the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of immunotherapy are different for each target protein. Blocking myelin-associated proteins may enhance neuroplasticity, whereas blocking adhesion molecules may yield neuroprotection by suppressing the immune response after stroke. Although results from animal studies are encouraging, clinical trials using therapeutic antibodies failed to improve stroke outcome due to severe side effects. It remains a challenge to generate specific therapeutic antibodies with minimal side effects on other organs and systems.
机译：免疫疗法是治疗癌症，自身免疫性疾病和神经退行性疾病的生物医学研究的活跃领域。在中风中，再通疗法可有效减少急性缺血性中风后脑组织损伤。但是，狭窄的时间窗口限制了其在大多数中风患者中的应用。迫切需要开发辅助疗法，例如免疫疗法，干细胞替代和神经保护药物。许多分子已被靶向用于卒中治疗的免疫治疗，包括髓鞘相关蛋白及其受体，N-甲基-d-天冬氨酸受体，细胞因子和细胞粘附分子。在急性缺血性中风的动物模型中测试了主动疫苗接种和被动抗体。但是，对于每种靶蛋白来说，免疫疗法功效的基础机制是不同的。阻断髓鞘相关蛋白可以增强神经可塑性，而阻断粘附分子可以通过抑制中风后的免疫反应来产生神经保护作用。尽管动物研究的结果令人鼓舞，但由于严重的副作用，使用治疗性抗体的临床试验未能改善卒中预后。产生对其他器官和系统具有最小副作用的特异性治疗抗体仍然是一个挑战。

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