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Impacts of high-speed rail on airlines, airports and regional economies: A survey of recent research

机译：高铁对航空公司，机场和区域经济的影响：近期研究调查

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This paper first reviews studies on the impacts of air-HSR competition on airlines, focusing on the overall effects of parallel HSR services on passengers' mode choice as well as on airlines' flight frequency, traffic volume, fares, service quality and market power. The modal complementarity and air-HSR intermodal services, together with the network feature of airline business, are also examined. The paper then reviews theoretical and empirical findings on the impacts of HSR on airports and regional economies. Here, the main insights include: First, HSR can have a traffic redistribution effect on airport traffic; in particular, some primary hub airports with good air connectivity may gain traffic while others may lose traffic. Second, to mitigate congestion at hub airports, policy makers may consider diverting some traffic to regional airports by promoting air-HSR intermodal services. Third, as HSR may stimulate long-haul/international air traffic, its overall impact on emission reduction remains unclear. Finally, similar to the impacts on airport traffic, spatial disparity of economic activities may also rise after the introduction of HSR. In general, the disparity tends to rise between the cities with HSR and those without HSR, as the former gets better accessibility. However, among the cities with HSR services, the disparity between the large and small cities could increase or decrease depending on several factors.
机译：本文首先回顾了空中高铁竞争对航空公司的影响，重点研究了并行高铁服务对乘客模式选择的总体影响，以及对航空公司的航班频率，交通量，票价，服务质量和市场力量的影响。还研究了模式互补性和空中高铁联运服务，以及航空公司业务的网络特征。然后，本文回顾了有关高铁对机场和区域经济的影响的理论和实证研究结果。在这里，主要的见解包括：首先，高铁可以对机场交通产生交通重新分配的影响；特别是，一些具有良好空中连接的主要枢纽机场可能会增加流量，而其他一些可能会减少流量。其次，为减轻枢纽机场的拥挤状况，政策制定者可以考虑通过促进空中高铁联运服务将部分交通转移到地区机场。第三，由于高铁可能会刺激长途/国际航空运输，因此其对减排的总体影响尚不清楚。最后，类似于对机场交通的影响，引入高铁后，经济活动的空间差异也可能加剧。总体而言，高铁城市与无高铁城市之间的差距趋于扩大，因为前者获得的交通便利。但是，在提供高铁服务的城市中，大城市和小城市之间的差距可能会根据若干因素而增加或减少。

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