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首页> 外文期刊>Transport in Porous Media >Accurate Modelling of Pore-Scale Films and Layers for Three-Phase Flow Processes in Clastic and Carbonate Rocks with Arbitrary Wettability
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Accurate Modelling of Pore-Scale Films and Layers for Three-Phase Flow Processes in Clastic and Carbonate Rocks with Arbitrary Wettability

机译：具有任意润湿性的碎屑碳酸盐岩三相流过程中孔尺度膜和层的精确建模

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摘要

Three-phase flow is a key process occurring in subsurface reservoirs, for example, during CO_2 sequestration and enhanced oil recovery techniques such as water alternating gas (WAG) injection. Predicting three-phase flow processes, for example, the increase in oil recovery during WAG, requires a sound understanding of the fundamental flow physics in water- to oil-wet rocks to derive physically robust flow functions, i.e. relative permeability and capillary pressure. In this study, we use pore-network modelling, a reliable and physically based simulation tool, to predict the flow functions. We have developed a new pore-scale network model for rocks with variable wettability, from water- to oil-wet. It comprises a constrained set of parameters that mimic the wetting state of a reservoir. Unlike other models, it combines three main features: (1) A novel thermodynamic criterion for formation and collapse of oil layers. The new model hence captures wetting film and layer flow of oil adequately, which affects the oil relative permeability at low oil saturation and leads to accurate prediction of residual oil. (2) Multiple displacement chains, where injection of one phase at the inlet triggers a chain of interface displacements throughout the network. This allows for the accurate modelling of the mobilisation of many disconnected phase clusters that arise, in particular, during higher order WAG floods. (3) The model takes realistic 3D pore-networks extracted from pore-space reconstruction methods and CT images as input, preserving both topology and pore shape of the sample. For water-wet systems, we have validated our model with available experimental data from core floods. For oil-wet systems, we validated our network model by comparing 2D network simulations with published data from WAG floods in oil-wet micromodels. This demonstrates the importance of film and layer flow for the continuity of the various phases during subsequent WAG cycles and for the residual oil saturations. A sensitivity analysis has been carried out with the full 3D model to predict three-phase relative permeabilities and residual oil saturations for WAG cycles under various wetting conditions with different flood end-points.
机译：三相流是在地下油藏中发生的关键过程，例如，在CO_2固存和增强的采油技术（例如水交替气（WAG）注入）期间。预测三相流过程，例如WAG期间采油量的增加，需要对水到油湿岩石的基本流物理学有深刻的了解，以得出物理鲁棒的流函数，即相对渗透率和毛细压力。在这项研究中，我们使用孔隙网络建模（一种可靠的基于物理的仿真工具）来预测流动函数。我们已经开发了一种新的孔隙度网络模型，适用于从水到油湿的可变润湿性的岩石。它包含一组受约束的参数，这些参数模拟了储层的润湿状态。与其他模型不同，它具有三个主要特征：（1）一种新的热力学判据，用于油层的形成和塌陷。因此，新模型可以充分捕获油的润湿膜和层流，这会影响低油饱和度下的油相对渗透率，并能准确预测残油。 （2）多排量链，其中在进口处注入一相会触发整个网络中的一系列界面排量。这可以对许多断开的相簇的动员进行精确建模，尤其是在更高阶的WAG洪水期间。 （3）该模型采用从孔隙空间重建方法中提取的逼真的3D孔隙网络和CT图像作为输入，同时保留了样品的拓扑结构和孔隙形状。对于水湿系统，我们已经使用来自岩心洪水的可用实验数据验证了我们的模型。对于油湿系统，我们通过将2D网络模拟与油湿微模型中WAG洪水发布的数据进行比较来验证我们的网络模型。这证明了膜和层流对于后续WAG循环中各个相的连续性以及残余油饱和度的重要性。已使用完整的3D模型进行了敏感性分析，以预测在具有不同洪水端点的各种湿润条件下WAG循环的三相相对渗透率和残余油饱和度。

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