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Uptake of water from soils by plant roots

机译：植物根系从土壤中吸收水分

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摘要

Uptake, of water by plant roots can be considered at two different Dar-cian scales, referred to as the mesoscopic and macroscopic scales. At the mesoscopic scale, uptake of water is represented by a flux at the soil-root interface, while at the macroscopic scale it is represented by a sink term in the volumetric mass balance. At the mesoscopic scale, uptake of water by individual plant roots can be described by a diffusion equation, describing the flow of water from soil to plant root, and appropriate initial and boundary conditions. The model involves at least two characteristic lengths describing the root-soil geometry and two characteristic times, one describing the capillary flow of water from soil to plant roots and another the ratio of supply of water in the soil and uptake by plant roots. Generally, at a certain critical time, uptake will switch from demand-driven to supply-dependent. In this paper, the solutions of some of the resulting mesoscopic linear and nonlinear problems are reviewed. The resulting expressions for the evolution of the average water content can be used as a basis for upscaling from the mesoscopic to the macroscopic scale. It will be seen that demand-driven and supply-dependent uptake also emerge at the macroscopic scale. Information about root systems needed to operationalize macroscopic models will be reviewed briefly.
机译：可以在两个不同的达西安尺度下（即介观尺度和宏观尺度）考虑植物根系对水的吸收。在介观尺度上，水的吸收由土壤-根界面的通量表示，而在宏观尺度上，其由体积质量平衡中的汇项表示。在介观尺度上，单个植物根系对水分的吸收可以通过扩散方程来描述，该方程式描述了从土壤到植物根系的水流以及适当的初始条件和边界条件。该模型至少包含两个描述根土壤几何形状的特征长度和两个特征时间，一个特征长度描述了从土壤到植物根的毛细流，另一个特征是土壤中的水供应与植物根吸收的比率。通常，在某个关键时刻，吸收将由需求驱动转变为依赖于供应的。在本文中，回顾了一些由此产生的介观线性和非线性问题的解决方案。平均水含量演变的结果表达式可以用作从介观尺度到宏观尺度放大的基础。可以看出，在宏观上也出现了需求驱动和依赖供应的吸收。将简要回顾有关操作宏观模型所需的根系统的信息。

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