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首页> 外文期刊>Transport in Porous Media >Detailed Assessment of Compositional and Interfacial Tension Effects on the Fluid Behaviour During Immiscible and Near-Miscible CO_2 Continuous and WAG Displacements
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Detailed Assessment of Compositional and Interfacial Tension Effects on the Fluid Behaviour During Immiscible and Near-Miscible CO_2 Continuous and WAG Displacements

机译：在不混溶和几乎混溶的CO_2连续和WAG驱替过程中，组分和界面张力对流体行为的影响的详细评估

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This study seeks to improve numerical simulations of the key physics occurring in CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) processes, with a particular focus on the transition from immiscible to miscible displacements. In the previous work, we have investigated interactions between compositional effects and the underlying heterogeneities of the flow field in near-miscible floods (Wang et al. in Transp Porous Media 129(3):743-759, 2019a). In this current study, we have further analysed the effects of reduction in interfacial tension (IFT) on the flow behaviour, as motivated by the study on the film-flow mechanism previously presented by Sorbie and van Dijke (SPE improved oil recovery symposium, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010). We identify two clear mechanisms of oil recovery that may occur in near-miscible CO2 (or other gas) injection processes, which we denote, M-CE, as oil stripping or conventional compositional effects, and M-IFT as lower IFT oil film-flow effects. The latter M-IFT effects are described by an enhanced hydrocarbon relative permeability in the near-miscible three-phase relative permeabilities (3PRP). Various combinations between the M-CE and M-IFT mechanisms were tested by numerical simulations to evaluate the impact of each mechanism on the flow behaviour, i.e. their separate and joint effects on quantities such as the local oil displacement efficiency, phase flow vectors and the ultimate oil recovery. When acting in combination, the oil stripping and IFT effects can greatly improve the local displacement performance even when viscous fingering flow occurs. Viscous fingering is well known to lead to bypassed oil in the "non-preferential" flow paths between the main fingers. We show that the remaining oil in these non-preferential flow paths (i.e. bypassed oil) can be efficiently recovered by the combined M-CE and M-IFT mechanisms, but only with the application of water alternating gas (WAG). In contrast to oil stripping effects, the IFT effect is not dependent on continuous contact between oil and CO2. Instead, the remaining oil is mobilized by gas as the IFT is reduced and can be efficiently produced by subsequent water injection. This M-IFT mechanism has much less impact in cases with continuous CO2 injection compared to its efficiency in WAG. This is because during continuous injection, gas fingers are dominant in the preferential flow paths, and therefore the local displacement efficiency is very good, but only in these preferential routes. On the other hand, WAG is able to make full use of the IFT effects because of its relatively stable displacing front, which allows the M-IFT mechanism to contribute. In this study, the effects of using different three-phase relative permeability methods were investigated and, as expected, different methods yielded different results. However, an important observation is that when IFT effects (M-IFT) were included, there was much less difference in the final oil recovery using the different 3PRP models; our analysis shows why this is the case.
机译：这项研究旨在改进在CO2强化采油（CO2-EOR）过程中发生的关键物理过程的数值模拟，尤其关注从不混溶驱替到混溶驱替的过渡。在之前的工作中，我们研究了近混溶性洪水中成分效应与流场潜在异质性之间的相互作用（Wang等人，Transp Porous Media 129（3）：743-759，2019a）。在当前的研究中，我们进一步分析了界面张力降低（IFT）对流动行为的影响，这是由Sorbie和van Dijke（SPE改进石油采收率研讨会，社会学会石油工程师，2010年）。我们确定了在几乎混溶的CO2（或其他气体）注入过程中可能发生的两种清晰的采油机理，我们将M-CE表示为脱油或常规成分作用，将M-IFT表示为较低的IFT油膜，流效应。后者的M-IFT效应通过在近混溶的三相相对渗透率（3PRP）中增强的烃相对渗透率来描述。通过数值模拟测试了M-CE和M-IFT机构之间的各种组合，以评估每种机构对流动性能的影响，即它们对数量的分离和联合影响，例如局部驱油效率，相流矢量和流动速率。最终采油。组合使用时，即使发生粘性指流，脱油和IFT效果也可以极大地改善局部驱油性能。众所周知，粘性指状物会导致主指状物之间的“非优先”流路中产生旁路油。我们表明，通过组合使用M-CE和M-IFT机制可以有效地回收这些非优先流动路径中的剩余油（即旁路油），但只能使用水交替气体（WAG）。与除油效果相反，IFT效果不取决于油与CO2之间的连续接触。取而代之的是，随着IFT的降低，剩余的油会被气体带走，并且可以通过后续注水有效地生产出来。与在WAG中的效率相比，这种连续注入CO2的M-IFT机制的影响要小得多。这是因为在连续喷射期间，气指在优先流动路径中占主导地位，因此局部位移效率非常好，但仅在这些优先路径中。另一方面，WAG由于其相对稳定的位移前沿而能够充分利用IFT效果，这使得M-IFT机制发挥了作用。在这项研究中，研究了使用不同的三相相对渗透率方法的效果，并且正如预期的那样，不同的方法产生了不同的结果。但是，一个重要的观察结果是，当包括IFT效应（M-IFT）时，使用不同的3PRP模型的最终采油量差异要小得多。我们的分析表明了为什么会这样。

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