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Efficiency of European Funds in the Accession Countries: The Case of Transport Infrastructure Investments in Latvia

机译：加入国欧洲基金的效率：拉脱维亚运输基础设施投资案例

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摘要

A transport initiative, like any kind of public action, has an impact on the monetary cost, time cost, efficiency and comfort of the transportation of goods and people, in particular transport infrastructure investments. All such initiatives are subject to cost benefit analyses at the national and EU level to know whether the present value of total net benefits including environmental impacts exceeds their cost. However, several important policy issues remain unresolved in standard evaluation procedures. One issue is whether the so-called direct measurement of user benefit, which consists of quantifying changes in surplus of the users of the transport system, captures all welfare generated in the economy. Another issue is how the gains (or possibly losses) of a transport initiative are distributed among regions. The aim of this article is to perform a systematic and quantitative analysis of the socio-economic and spatial impacts of alternative transport investments by carrying out scenario simulations in order to improve the understanding of the impact of transportation policies on the short-and long-term spatial development in Latvia. The general result from the scenario simulations is that rail projects seem to be more effective in terms of promoting regional economic activity than road projects.
机译：像任何类型的公共行动一样，运输倡议会对货币成本，时间成本，货物和人员运输的效率和舒适度产生影响，尤其是运输基础设施投资。所有这些举措都需要在国家和欧盟层面进行成本收益分析，以了解包括环境影响在内的总净收益的现值是否超过其成本。但是，一些重要的政策问题仍未在标准评估程序中解决。一个问题是所谓的用户利益直接衡量方法是否包括量化运输系统用户剩余盈余的数量，从而捕获经济中产生的所有福利。另一个问题是运输倡议的收益（或可能的损失）如何在区域之间分配。本文的目的是通过进行情景模拟来对替代运输投资的社会经济和空间影响进行系统和定量的分析，以增进对运输政策对短期和长期影响的理解。拉脱维亚的空间发展。情景模拟的总体结果是，在促进区域经济活动方面，铁路项目似乎比公路项目更为有效。

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