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Predicting Tunneling-Induced Ground Movement

机译：预测隧道诱发的地面运动

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Cost-effective and permissible tunneling can occur only if ground movement prediction is refined to accommodate changes in both the urban environment and tunneling technology. As cities age, tunnels are being installed closer to existing structures and in increasingly complicated belowground conditions. The reality of stacked tunnels, abandoned facilities, and more extensive use of underground space raises the question of whether relationships derived for single open-shield tunnels in free-field conditions can adequately predict ground movement for modern tunneling techniques with more complicated site conditions. Traditional empirical methods to predict maximum surface settlements and the percentage of lost ground for paired tunnels of the new Austrian tunneling method (NATM) in noncohesive soils are evaluated. Predictive data are compared with field measurements for grouted and nongrouted sections. Results showed that the estimated maximum settlement values of an NATM tunnel were highly similar to those of an open shield tunnel for both the grouted and ungrouted sections, although in some cases the Gaussian shape significantly underestimated the depth of the settlement trough in the outer 30% to 40%. Grouting substantially altered the amount of settlement. The average percentage of volume of lost ground with grouting was 1.6%, whereas the value was 5.2% where no grouting occurred. The empirical methods typically generated a fairly reasonable set of responses for an NATM tunnel.
机译：只有改进地面运动预测以适应城市环境和隧道技术的变化，才能进行具有成本效益和允许的隧道施工。随着城市老化，隧道安装越来越靠近现有建筑物，而且地下环境越来越复杂。堆叠式隧道，废弃设施以及对地下空间的更广泛使用的现实提出了一个问题，即在自由场条件下为单个敞开式盾构隧道得出的关系是否可以充分预测具有复杂现场条件的现代隧道技术的地面运动。评估了传统的经验方法，该方法可以预测非粘性土壤中新奥地利挖洞方法（NATM）的成对隧道的最大地面沉降量和失地百分比。将预测数据与灌浆段和非灌浆段的现场测量值进行比较。结果表明，对于灌浆段和非灌浆段，NATM隧道的估计最大沉降值与开放式盾构隧道的估计值高度相似，尽管在某些情况下，高斯形状大大低估了外部30％的沉降槽深度到40％注浆大大改变了沉降量。灌浆后失土的平均体积百分比为1.6％，而没有灌浆的情况下为5.2％。经验方法通常会为NATM隧道生成一组相当合理的响应。

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