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Optimum routing of battery electric vehicles: Insights using empirical data and microsimulation

机译：电池电动汽车的最佳路线：使用经验数据和微观模拟的见解

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This study investigates the energy consumption impact of route selection on battery electric vehicles (BEVs) using empirical second-by-second Global Positioning System (GPS) commute data and traffic micro-simulation data. Drivers typically choose routes that reduce travel time and therefore travel cost. However, BEVs’ limited driving range makes energy efficient route selection of particular concern to BEV drivers. In addition, BEVs’ regenerative braking systems allow for the recovery of energy while braking, which is affected by route choices. State-of-the-art BEV energy consumption models consider a simplified constant regenerative braking energy efficiency or average speed dependent regenerative braking factors. To overcome these limitations, this study adopted a microscopic BEV energy consumption model, which captures the effect of transient behavior on BEV energy consumption and recovery while braking in a congested network. The study found that BEVs and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) had different fuel/energy-optimized traffic assignments, suggesting that different routings be recommended for electric vehicles. For the specific case study, simulation results indicate that a faster route could actually increase BEV energy consumption, and that significant energy savings were observed when BEVs utilized a longer travel time route because energy is regenerated. Finally, the study found that regenerated energy was greatly affected by facility types and congestion levels and also BEVs’ energy efficiency could be significantly influenced by regenerated energy.
机译：本研究使用经验性的逐秒全球定位系统（GPS）通勤数据和交通微观模拟数据，研究了路线选择对电池电动汽车（BEV）的能耗影响。驾驶员通常选择减少旅行时间并因此减少旅行成本的路线。但是，BEV的有限行驶里程使得BEV驾驶员特别关注节能路线的选择。此外，BEV的再生制动系统可在制动时回收能量，这会受到路线选择的影响。最新的BEV能耗模型考虑了简化的恒定再生制动能效或平均速度相关的再生制动因数。为了克服这些限制，本研究采用了微观的BEV能耗模型，该模型捕获了在拥堵的网络中制动时瞬态行为对BEV能耗和恢复的影响。研究发现，BEV和传统的内燃机汽车（ICEV）具有不同的燃料/能源优化交通分配，这建议为电动汽车推荐不同的路线。对于特定的案例研究，仿真结果表明，更快的路线实际上会增加BEV的能耗，并且当BEV使用较长的行驶时间路线时，由于能量再生，因此可以节省大量能源。最后，研究发现，可再生能源很大程度上受设施类型和拥堵程度的影响，而且BEV的能源效率也可能受到可再生能源的显着影响。

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