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Modelling the effects of stress on gap-acceptance decisions combining data from driving simulator and physiological sensors

机译：结合驾驶模拟器和生理传感器的数据，模拟压力对间隙接受决策的影响

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摘要

Driving behaviour is an inherently complex process affected by various factors ranging from network topography, traffic conditions and vehicle features to driver characteristics like age, experience, aggressiveness and emotional state. Among these, the effects of emotional state and stress have received considerable attention in the context of crash analysis and safety research where driving behaviour has been found to be affected by drivers' mental state/stress, cognitive workload and distraction. However, these studies are mostly based on questionnaire surveys and self-reports which can be prone to response bias and reporting/measurement errors. The analyses are also often descriptive in nature. In a parallel stream of research, advances in sensor technologies have made it possible to observe drivers' stress through human physiological responses, e.g. heart rate, electrodermal activity etc. However, these studies have primarily focused on detecting stress rather than quantifying or modelling its effects on driving decisions. The present paper combines these two approaches in a single framework and investigates the gap acceptance behaviour of drivers during an intersection crossing, using data collected using a driving simulator. The participants are deliberately subjected to stress induced by time pressure, and their stress levels are measured using two physiological indicators, namely Electrodermal Activity (skin conductance) and heart rate. In addition to statistical analyses, discrete choice models are developed to link the accept-reject choices of a driver with the driver demographics, traffic conditions and stress levels. The results of the models indicate that increased stress levels significantly increase the probabilities of accepting a gap. The improvement in model fit and safety implications derived from model estimates are also discussed. The insights from the results can be used for designing appropriate intervention strategies to improve safety. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：驾驶行为是一个固有的复杂过程，受网络地形，交通状况和车辆特性等各种因素影响，例如年龄，经验，攻击性和情绪状态等驾驶因素。其中，在碰撞分析和安全性研究的背景下，情绪状态和压力的影响已引起相当多的关注，其中发现驾驶行为受驾驶员的心理状态/压力，认知工作量和注意力分散的影响。但是，这些研究主要基于问卷调查和自我报告，这很容易引起回应偏差和报告/测量错误。这些分析在本质上也常常是描述性的。在并行研究中，传感器技术的进步使人们可以通过人类生理反应（例如人体生理反应）观察驾驶员的压力。心率，皮肤电活动等。但是，这些研究主要集中于检测压力，而不是量化或模拟其对驾驶决策的影响。本文将这两种方法结合在一个框架中，并使用驾驶模拟器收集的数据研究了交叉路口期间驾驶员的间隙接受行为。故意使参与者承受时间压力引起的压力，并使用两个生理指标（即皮肤电活动（皮肤电导）和心率）测量他们的压力水平。除了统计分析外，还开发了离散选择模型，以将驾驶员的接受/拒绝选择与驾驶员的人口统计，交通状况和压力水平联系起来。模型的结果表明，增加的应力水平显着增加了接受缺口的可能性。还讨论了模型拟合的改进以及从模型估计得出的安全隐患。结果的见解可用于设计适当的干预策略以提高安全性。 （C）2018 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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