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首页> 外文期刊>Transportation Research >Policy measures to avert possible modal shifts caused by sulphur regulation in the European Ro-Ro sector
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Policy measures to avert possible modal shifts caused by sulphur regulation in the European Ro-Ro sector

机译：避免由欧洲滚装行业的硫管制引起的可能的模式转变的政策措施

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The 0.1% limit in sulphur content within Sulphur Emission Control Areas as of 1st January 2015 requires that ship operators either use pricier ultra-low sulphur fuel oil, or alternatively install abatement technologies through substantial capital investments. A part of the resulting higher operating costs are passed on to shippers resulting in increased freight rates. These may lead to modal shifts towards rail or road options competing with Ro-Ro operators. Due to the unexpectedly low fuel prices in the period 2014-2016, Ro-Ro operators were relatively unharmed by the new limits, but nascent research has shown that if fuel prices increase some Ro-Ro services may not survive. This paper examines a set of policy options that can mitigate or reverse the negative effects of the low-sulphur regulation. The measures include internalizing external costs of transport, repaying fuel surcharges to shippers, subsidizing technological investments of ship operators, or increasing the landbased costs of transport via levies. To compare their efficacy, total costs are calculated for each measure. The results show that the proposed measures can successfully reduce the negative effects of the regulation but this would entail significant costs. A combination of subsidies towards shippers and ship operators is shown to be effective at reversing potential modal shifts and can be crucial in case of high fuel prices in the near future. The findings of this work can assist operators to develop new strategies and improve the resilience of their network, and regulators designing environmental policies that may have negative implications on certain sectors.
机译：自2015年1月1日起，硫排放控制区内的硫含量限制为0.1％，这要求船舶经营者使用价格更高的超低硫燃料油，或者通过大量资本投资安装减排技术。由此产生的一部分较高的运营成本会转嫁给托运人，从而导致运费提高。这些可能导致与滚装运营商竞争的向铁路或公路选择的模式转变。由于2014-2016年期间的燃油价格出乎意料的低价，滚装滚装船运营商相对不受新限制的影响，但是新生的研究表明，如果燃油价格上涨，某些滚装滚装服务可能无法生存。本文研究了一组可以减轻或逆转低硫法规负面影响的政策选择。这些措施包括内部化运输的外部成本，向托运人偿还燃料附加费，补贴船东的技术投资或通过征税增加陆上运输成本。为了比较它们的功效，计算每种措施的总成本。结果表明，所建议的措施可以成功减少法规的负面影响，但这会带来巨大的成本。事实证明，对托运人和船舶经营人的补贴组合可以有效地扭转潜在的模式转变，并且在不久的将来燃油价格居高不下的情况下至关重要。这项工作的发现可以帮助运营商制定新的策略并提高其网络的弹性，并且监管机构可以设计可能对某些部门产生负面影响的环境政策。

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