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Beyond mere take-over requests: The effects of monitoring requests on driver attention, take-over performance, and acceptance

机译：不仅仅是接管请求：监控请求对驾驶员注意力，接管性能和验收的影响

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摘要

In conditionally automated driving, drivers do not have to monitor the road, whereas in partially automated driving, drivers have to monitor the road permanently. We evaluated a dynamic allocation of monitoring tasks to human and automation by providing a monitoring request (MR) before a possible take-over request (TOR), with the aim to better prepare drivers to take over safely and efficiently. In a simulator-based study, an MR + TOR condition was compared with a TOR-only condition using a within-subject design with 41 participants. In the MR + TOR condition, an MR was triggered 12 s before a zebra crossing, and a TOR was provided 7 s after the MR onset if pedestrians crossing the road were detected. In the TOR-only condition, a TOR was provided 5 s before the vehicle would collide with a pedestrian if the participant did not intervene. Participants were instructed to perform a self-paced visual-motor non-driving task during automated driving. Eye tracking results showed that participants in the MR + TOR condition responded to the MR by looking at the driving environment. They also exhibited better take-over performance, with a shorter response time to the TOR and a longer minimum time to collision as compared to the TOR-only condition. Subjective evaluations also showed advantages of the MR: participants reported lower workload, higher acceptance, and higher trust in the MR + TOR condition as compared to the TOR-only condition. Participants' reliance on automation was tested in a third drive (MR-only condition), where automation failed to provide a TOR after an MR. The MR-only condition resulted in later responses (and errors of omission) as compared to the MR + TOR condition. It is concluded that MRs have the potential to increase safety and acceptance of automated driving as compared to systems that provide only TORS. Drivers' trust calibration and reliance on automation need further investigation. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：在有条件的自动驾驶中，驾驶员不必监视道路，而在部分自动驾驶中，驾驶员必须永久监视道路。我们通过在可能的接管请求（TOR）之前提供监视请求（MR）来评估对人和自动化的监视任务的动态分配，目的是更好地为驾驶员做好安全，有效接管的准备。在一项基于模拟器的研究中，采用受试者内部设计（41名参与者），将MR + TOR状况与仅TOR状况进行了比较。在MR + TOR情况下，在斑马线之前12 s触发MR，如果检测到行人横过马路，则在MR发作后7 s提​​供TOR。在仅限TOR的条件下，如果参与者不干预，则在车辆与行人碰撞之前5秒钟提供TOR。参与者被指示在自动驾驶过程中执行自定进度的视觉运动非驾驶任务。眼动追踪结果表明，处于MR + TOR状态的参与者通过观察驾驶环境对MR做出了反应。与仅使用TOR的情况相比，它们还具有更好的接管性能，对TOR的响应时间更短，碰撞时间更短。主观评估还显示了MR的优势：与仅使用TOR的情况相比，参与者报告的工作量更低，接受度更高，并且对MR + TOR的情况更加信任。在第三个驱动器（仅MR条件）中测试了参与者对自动化的依赖性，该驱动器在MR之后无法提供TOR。与MR + TOR条件相比，仅MR条件导致较晚的响应（以及遗漏错误）。结论是，与仅提供TORS的系统相比，MR具有提高安全性和自动驾驶接受度的潜力。驾驶员的信任度校准和对自动化的依赖需要进一步调查。 （C）2019 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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  • 来源
    《Transportation research》 |2019年第5期|22-37|共16页
  • 作者

    Lu Z.; Zhang B.; Feldhuetter A.; Happee R.; Martens M.; De Winter J. C. F.;

  • 作者单位

    Delft Univ Technol, Fac Mech Maritime & Mat Engn, Dept Cognit Robot, Delft, Netherlands;

    Univ Twente, Ctr Transport Studies, Enschede, Netherlands;

    Tech Univ Munich, Chair Ergon, Garching, Germany;

    Delft Univ Technol, Fac Mech Maritime & Mat Engn, Dept Cognit Robot, Delft, Netherlands;

    Univ Twente, Ctr Transport Studies, Enschede, Netherlands|TNO Integrated Vehicle Safety, Helmond, Germany;

    Delft Univ Technol, Fac Mech Maritime & Mat Engn, Dept Cognit Robot, Delft, Netherlands|Delft Univ Technol, Fac Mech Maritime & Mat Engn, Dept Biomech Engn, Delft, Netherlands;

  • 收录信息 美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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