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首页> 外文期刊>Transportation research >Effects of non-driving related tasks in prolonged conditional automated driving - A Wizard of Oz on-road approach in real traffic environment
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Effects of non-driving related tasks in prolonged conditional automated driving - A Wizard of Oz on-road approach in real traffic environment

机译：非驾驶相关任务在条件自动驾驶中的作用-实际交通环境中的绿野仙踪道路方法

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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of non-driving related tasks on the drivers' fatigue in prolonged conditional automated driving (CAD) in on-road real traffic environment.Background: In CAD, the driving task is executed by the system. This leads to a monotonous situation for the driver as he just has to intervene if requested by the system. Monotony and increasing automation are known causations for fatigue and drowsiness. In previous studies (mostly conducted in driving simulators) an impaired take-over performance due to emerging fatigue and drowsiness could be observed. In the driving simulator studies a rapid increase in drowsiness and fatigue could be observed. To investigate if similar results occur in real traffic environment on-road a Wizard of Oz approach was used.Method: Forty-two participants experienced prolonged conditional automated rides on road in real traffic environment. To provoke fatigue one part of the participants had to engage in a monotonous monitoring task. A control group had no requirements according to the NDRT and had free choice of their activity. Effects on fatigue were measured using percentage of eye-lid closure over time (PERCLOS) and subjective Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS).Results: Prolonged CAD in real traffic environment and simultaneously engaging in a monotonous monitoring task negatively affected the drivers' state. PERCLOS and subjective KSS significantly increased compared to the control-group.Conclusion: Fatigue in CAD can emerge in real traffic environment as fast as in driving simulator environments. Especially when participants had to engage in a monotonous monitoring task PERCLOS and KSS rose.Application: The results of this study demonstrate that due to increasing monotony fatigue can emerge in CAD within a one hour drive. The development of fatigue is comparable to the development of fatigue in the driving simulator, where an impaired take-over performance due to fatigue could be observed. Therefore, a monitoring of the driver state and adapted assistance in a take-over situation seems to be a good opportunity to ensure safety in CAD. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：目的：本研究的目的是研究在道路实际交通环境中长时间驾驶有条件自动驾驶（CAD）中非驾驶相关任务对驾驶员疲劳的影响。背景：在CAD中，驾驶任务是由驾驶员执行的系统。这导致驾驶员单调的情况，因为如果系统需要，驾驶员只需要干预即可。单调和自动化程度提高是导致疲劳和嗜睡的原因。在以前的研究中（大多数是在驾驶模拟器中进行的），可以观察到由于出现疲劳和嗜睡而导致的接管性能下降。在驾驶模拟器研究中，可以观察到嗜睡和疲劳的迅速增加。为了研究在实际交通环境中是否会发生类似的结果，使用了一种Oz向导方法。方法：42名参与者在实际交通环境中经历了长时间的有条件自动驾驶。为了引起疲劳，一部分参与者不得不从事单调的监测任务。根据NDRT，对照组没有要求，可以自由选择活动。对疲劳的影响通过使用眼睑闭合的时间百分比（PERCLOS）和主观的Karolinska嗜睡量表（KSS）进行测量。结果：在实际交通环境中长时间的CAD并同时执行单调的监测任务会对驾驶员的状态产生负面影响。与对照组相比，PERCLOS和主观KSS显着增加。结论：CAD疲劳在实际交通环境中的出现速度与在驾驶模拟器环境中一样快。尤其是当参与者不得不进行单调的监测任务时，PERCLOS和KSS上升。应用：这项研究的结果表明，由于单调性增加，CAD在一个小时的车程内就会出现疲劳。疲劳的发展可与驾驶模拟器中疲劳的发展相提并论，在驾驶模拟器中，可观察到由于疲劳导致的接管性能下降。因此，在接管情况下监视驾驶员状态和提供适当的协助似乎是确保CAD安全的好机会。 （C）2019 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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