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Sources and exposure risk of trace elements for traffic policemen in roadside locations

机译：路边交通警察微量元素的来源和暴露风险

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摘要

Samples of PM2.5 and PM10 at four types of roadside location (major road, secondary road, branch road, and expressway) in Tianjin were collected and analyzed in 2015. The average annual roadside PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were higher than the national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS: GB3095-2012). The chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in both PM2.5 and PM10 over four seasons displayed significant differences (p < 0.05). An enrichment factor (EF) analysis revealed that Cd, copper (Cu), Zn, As, Ni, and Pb in PM2.5 and PM10 mainly originated from anthropogenic sources. A factor analysis (FA) and correlation analysis (CA) revealed that vehicle emissions (exhaust and non-exhaust), soil dust, coal combustion, and industrial emissions were the main sources of roadside PM2.5 and PM(10 )in Tianjin. Both the total hazard quotients (total HQ) and the total carcinogenic risk (total CR) for selected elements in PM2.5 and PM10 were within acceptable limits. The HQ of Pb was higher than for other metals, and it should therefore be given special attention. The CR for traffic policemen was highest for Cr exposure (1.01 x 10(-5) for PM2.5 and 1.52 x 10(-5) for PM10), followed by As and Ni. A sensitivity analysis showed that the total contributions of the metal concentrations, exposure time (ET), and exposure frequency (EF) accounted for over 50% of the risk for Cr, As, and Ni, suggesting that these metals had the greatest impact on the uncertainty of health risk assessments.
机译：2015年收集并分析了天津四种路边位置（主要道路，次要道路，支路和高速公路）的PM2.5和PM10样本。年均路边PM2.5和PM10浓度高于全国环境空气质量标准（NAAQS：GB3095-2012）。四个季节中PM2.5和PM10中的铬（Cr），锰（Mn），镍（Ni），锌（Zn），砷（As）和镉（Cd）浓度显示出显着差异（p <0.05） 。富集因子（EF）分析表明，PM2.5和PM10中的Cd，Cu（Cu），Zn，As，Ni和Pb主要来自人为来源。因子分析（FA）和相关性分析（CA）显示，天津市道路排放PM2.5和PM（10）的主要排放源为汽车尾气（废气和非废气），土壤粉尘，燃煤和工业废气。 PM2.5和PM10中选定元素的总危险商（总HQ）和总致癌风险（总CR）均在可接受的范围内。 Pb的HQ高于其他金属，因此应特别注意。 Cr暴露对交警的CR最高（PM2.5为1.01 x 10（-5），PM10为1.52 x 10（-5）），其次为As和Ni。敏感性分析表明，金属浓度，暴露时间（ET）和暴露频率（EF）的总贡献占Cr，As和Ni风险的50％以上，表明这些金属对Cr，As和Ni的影响最大。健康风险评估的不确定性。

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