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External HMI for self-driving vehicles: Which information shall be displayed?

机译：无人驾驶汽车的外部HMI：应显示哪些信息？

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摘要

The objective of this study was to investigate pedestrians' informational needs towards self-driving vehicles (SDVs). Previous research has shown that external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) compensate for pedestrian-driver communication when SDVs are integrated into traffic. However, detailed insights on which information the eHMI shall provide lack so far. In a mixed design study, N = 59 participants encountered a simulated driverless vehicle in different traffic scenarios (a. unsignalized intersection vs. b. parking lot; between-subject factor). We investigated the effect of no eHMI (baseline) vs. eHMIs displaying the automated driving system (ADS) status, and informing subsequently about its perception of the pedestrian and/or its intent for the next maneuver ((1) no eHMI, (2) status eHMI, (3) status + perception eHMI, (4) status + intent eHMI, (5) status + perception + intent eHMI; within-subject factor). A mixed-methods design was used to explore participants' subjective feelings, traffic behavior, and underlying attitudes. The findings reveal that any eHMI contributes to a more positive feeling towards SDVs compared to the baseline condition without eHMI, consistent among traffic scenarios: participants felt significantly safer, reflected greater trust and user experience ratings, and perceived the SDV as more intelligent and transparent. The status indicator mainly drives these beneficial effects on subjective measures. Participants reported that the status information explains the absence of a driver steering the vehicle. Compared to the status eHMI, the status + perception eHMI reflects no further benefit regarding subjective feelings and even has a negative impact on traffic flow. Moreover, participants regarded the additional information on the vehicle's perception as an obvious gimmick. On the contrary, the status + intent eHMI increases user experience, perceived intelligence, and transparency for pedestrians more than the mere status eHMI. Participants reported that additionally informing about the vehicle's intent adds a further sense of safety. The present study failed to show any improvements in traffic flow but found evidence for individual crossing and clearing strategies among pedestrians. This work can inform the future design of eHMIs. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：这项研究的目的是调查行人对自动驾驶汽车（SDV）的信息需求。先前的研究表明，将SDV集成到交通中时，外部人机界面（eHMI）可以补偿行人与驾驶员之间的通信。但是，到目前为止，关于eHMI应提供哪些信息的详细见解还很缺乏。在一项混合设计研究中，N = 59名参与者在不同的交通场景（a。无信号交叉路口vs. b。停车场;对象间因素）下遇到了模拟无人驾驶车辆。我们调查了没有eHMI（基线）与显示自动驾驶系统（ADS）状态的eHMI的影响，随后告知了其对行人的感知和/或下一次操纵的意图（（1）没有eHMI，（2 ）状态eHMI，（3）状态+感知eHMI，（4）状态+意图eHMI，（5）状态+感知+意图eHMI;主题内因素）。混合方法设计用于探索参与者的主观感受，交通行为和内在态度。研究结果表明，与没有eHMI的基线状况相比，任何eHMI都会对SDV产生更积极的感觉，并且在交通情况之间保持一致：参与者感到更加安全，反映出更大的信任度和用户体验等级，并认为SDV更加智能和透明。状态指示器主要驱动这些对主观措施的有益影响。参与者报告说，状态信息说明了驾驶员没有在驾驶车辆。与状态eHMI相比，状态+感知eHMI在主观感觉上没有任何进一步的好处，甚至会对交通流量产生负面影响。此外，参与者认为关于车辆感知的附加信息显然是头。相反，状态+意图eHMI比单纯的状态eHMI可以增加行人的用户体验，感知的智能和透明度。参与者报告说，另外告知车辆的意图会进一步增强安全感。本研究未能显示出交通流量的任何改善，但找到了行人之间个人过路和清理策略的证据。这项工作可以为eHMI的未来设计提供参考。 （C）2020 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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  • 来源
    《Transportation research》 |2020年第1期|171-186|共16页
  • 作者

  • 作者单位

    Daimler AG Leibnizstr 2 D-71032 Boblingen Germany|Ulm Univ Dept Human Factors Albert Einstein Allee 41 D-89081 Ulm Germany;

    Daimler AG Leibnizstr 2 D-71032 Boblingen Germany|Univ Stuttgart Inst Human Factors & Technol Management IAT Nobelstr 12 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany;

    Ulm Univ Dept Human Factors Albert Einstein Allee 41 D-89081 Ulm Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Self-driving vehicles; External human-machine interface; Vehicle-to-pedestrian communication; Informational need;

    机译：自动驾驶汽车;外部人机界面;车对人沟通;信息需求;

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