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Centralized and decentralized autonomous dispatching strategy for dynamic autonomous taxi operation in hybrid request mode

机译：混合请求模式下动态自主出租车运行的集中式和分散式自主调度策略

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摘要

The combination of self-driving technology and taxis has a considerable potential in improving service quality and economic efficiency that can completely change traditional taxi operation. This study accordingly focuses on the autonomous taxi (aTaxi) dispatching problem in hybrid request mode where travelers can either request immediate rides or reserve taxi services ahead of time. In this study, a centralized dispatcher and decentralized autonomous dispatchers are designed to plan short-term and long-term routes for aTaxis in real time, respectively. The centralized dispatcher integrates vehicle-to-passenger assignment with empty vehicle rebalance to guarantee solution quality. Decentralized autonomous dispatchers distribute a portion of the calculation to aTaxis, thus reducing the centralized dispatcher's workload. The dispatching strategy ensures that the response to traveler requests can be made immediately, and if such requests are accepted, the travelers will receive the expected services. Finally, experiments are conducted based on the actual road network and the trip data of Manhattan to investigate the dispatching strategy. The results confirm the high performance of the proposed dispatching strategies in terms of service quality and economic efficiency. It is also found that the increase in reservation rates can enhance the robustness of the method with respect to errors in predicted requests. Moreover, when the number of vehicles is adequate and reservations are made longer ahead of time, the completion rate of requests and the revenue improve.
机译：无人驾驶技术和出租车的结合在改善服务质量和经济效率方面具有巨大潜力，可以完全改变传统的出租车运营方式。因此，本研究着重于混合请求模式下的自动出租车（aTaxi）调度问题，旅行者可以请求即时乘车或提前预约出租车服务。在这项研究中，集中式调度员和分散式自动调度员分别设计用于实时规划aTaxis的短期和长期路线。集中调度员将车辆到乘客的分配与空车辆的重新平衡集成在一起，以确保解决方案质量。分散的自主调度员将一部分计算分配给aTaxis，从而减少了集中调度员的工作量。调度策略确保可以立即对旅行者的请求做出响应，如果这些请求被接受，旅行者将获得预期的服务。最后，根据实际的路网和曼哈顿的出行数据进行了实验，以研究调度策略。结果证实了所提出的调度策略在服务质量和经济效率方面的高性能。还发现预留率的增加可以增强该方法针对预测请求中的错误的鲁棒性。此外，当车辆数量充足并且提前进行预订时，请求的完成率和收入都会提高。

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