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Assessing the operational impact of tactical planning models for bike-sharing redistribution

机译：评估战术规划模型对自行车分享再分配的运作影响

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摘要

Station-based bike-sharing systems provide users with inexpensive one-way bike rides. A major challenge for operators of BSSs lies in redistributing bikes so that users may take the bike rides they request. Existing research on tactical planning proposes optimization models for designing redistribution plans that a vehicle fleet implements on a daily basis. The purpose of this paper is to identify the value and limitations of stochastic programming for bike-sharing redistribution and to understand the efficacy of the obtained plans once they are implemented. To this end, we first analyze the variability in recorded ride data from three North American bike-sharing systems which mainly differ in the intensity of commuting. The results of the data analysis show that stations that are mainly used by commuters display less variability in demand than stations that are mainly used for other ride purposes like errands and leisure. To assess the effect of demand variability on the operational implementation of redistribution plans, we rely on agent-based simulation. In the simulation, vehicle tours are implemented as planned. However, since redistribution plans are designed based on demand forecasts of ride requests, guidance is needed about how to adjust the bike quantities to pick up from or deliver to each station when actual ride requests are observed. Therefore, we propose rule-based procedures to adjust redistribution decisions when the numbers of bikes at stations and vehicle loads differ from the setting considered by optimization. We show that demand variability is a leading indicator about whether redistribution plans perform well operationally.
机译：基于站的自行车共享系统为用户提供廉价的单向自行车骑行。 BSSS运营商的一项重大挑战位于重新分配自行车中，以便用户可以乘坐自行车骑行。关于战术规划的现有研究提出了设计车队每天实施的再分配计划的优化模型。本文的目的是确定自行车共享再分配的随机规划的价值和限制，并在实施后，了解所获得的计划的功效。为此，我们首先分析了来自三个北美自行车共享系统的记录乘坐数据的可变性，这些系统主要在通勤的强度中不同。数据分析结果表明，通勤者主要使用的站点显示比主要用于其他乘坐目的，如差事和休闲等其他乘坐目的的电站。为了评估需求变化对再分配计划的运营实施的影响，我们依靠基于代理的模拟。在仿真中，车辆旅游按计划实施。然而，由于重新分配计划是根据乘员请求的需求预测设计的，因此需要在观察实际乘坐请求时如何调整自行车量以便从或交付给每个站的指导。因此，我们提出基于规则的程序来调整再分配决策，当站和车辆负载的骑自行车数与通过优化考虑的设置不同。我们表明，需求变化是一个关于再分配计划是否运行良好的领先指标。

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