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首页> 外文期刊>Transportation Research >Cruising and on-street parking pricing: A difference-in-difference analysis of measured parking search time and distance in San Francisco
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Cruising and on-street parking pricing: A difference-in-difference analysis of measured parking search time and distance in San Francisco

机译：巡游和路边停车价格：旧金山实测停车搜索时间和距离的差异分析

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摘要

When on-street parking is scarce, the cost of parking includes the extra time and fuel spent searching for a parking space (or cruising). Cruising also unnecessarily contributes to local congestion, vehicle emissions, air pollution, and climate change. The theoretical literature shows that these social costs can be reduced, or even eliminated, if high-quality information on the demand for and supply of parking is used to set parking prices at optimal levels. Not surprisingly, cities plagued by parking shortages, congested streets, and limited financial resources are interested in parking policies that reduce cruising and improve the efficient use of their existing parking and roadway infrastructure. The current study sheds light on the effect of the San Francisco parking pricing program (known as SFpark) on curbside parking search time and distance in urban neighborhoods on non-commuter parking. The study differs from previous empirical evaluations of similar parking pricing programs in its use of direct field measurements of parking search time and distance, rather than simulated data or proxy variables, such as parking availability. We use generalized mixed effect difference-in-difference models with data collected before and after the implementation of SFpark in both treatment and control areas to estimates effects of the San Francisco smart parking project, most importantly the demand responsive parking pricing scheme. The models control for time effects by using data from a separate control area, as opposed to using variables such as block face parking price and employment. The results suggest a significant reduction in average parking search time and distance due to SFpark. Average parking search time and distance declines by approximately 15% and 12%, respectively, from the control to the treatment areas.
机译：当缺乏路旁停车位时，停车成本包括额外的时间和花费在寻找停车位（或巡航）上的燃料。巡航也不必要地加剧了当地的交通拥堵，车辆排放，空气污染和气候变化。理论文献表明，如果使用有关停车需求和停车位的高质量信息来将停车价格定在最佳水平，则可以减少甚至消除这些社会成本。毫不奇怪，困扰于停车位短缺，拥挤的街道和有限的财务资源的城市对停车政策感兴趣，这些政策可减少巡航并提高对现有停车和道路基础设施的有效利用。当前的研究揭示了旧金山停车定价计划（称为SFpark）对路边停车搜索时间和非通勤停车在城市社区中的距离的影响。该研究与以往类似停车定价计划的经验评估不同之处在于，它直接使用了停车搜索时间和距离的实地测量，而不是模拟数据或代理变量（例如停车可用性）。我们使用广义混合效应差异模型，结合在处理区和控制区实施SFpark前后实施的数据，来评估旧金山智能停车项目的效果，最重要的是需求响应型停车价格方案。该模型通过使用来自单独控制区域的数据来控制时间影响，而不是使用诸如街区停车价格和就业率之类的变量。结果表明，由于SFpark，平均停车搜索时间和距离显着减少。从控制区到治疗区，平均停车搜索时间和距离分别减少了约15％和12％。

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