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High speed rail and tourism: Empirical evidence from Spain

机译:高速铁路和旅游业:来自西班牙的经验证据

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This paper evaluates how changes in the provision of high-speed rail (HSR) services affect tourism outcomes in Spain, a tourist country with the newest and longest HSR network in Europe. To do so it employs an empirical strategy based on the differences-in-differences panel data method with double fixed effects. Data are provided by Spain's National Statistics Institute (INE) and cover 50 provinces over a 15-year time span (1998-2013). Our results provide mixed evidence about the impact of HSR accessibility on tourist outcomes. On the one hand, we find that air traffic is negatively affected by HSR and air traffic is a strong predictor of tourist arrivals. This suggests a negative indirect effect of HSR on tourist outcomes. On the other hand, HSR may have a positive (weak) direct effect on tourism. However, such result is conditioned on the measure of HSR accessibility and econometric technique used. Thus, the net effect of HSR on tourism outcomes is not consistently positive. This pattern might be attributed to a network design that does not respond to ridership needs and which has a substitution effect on air transportation, the main mode for long-distance tourist mobility. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译:本文评估了高铁(HSR)服务提供的变化如何影响西班牙的旅游业,西班牙是欧洲拥有最新,最长的HSR网络的旅游国家。为此,它采用了基于差异差分面板数据方法并具有双重固定效应的经验策略。数据由西班牙国家统计局(INE)提供,涵盖15年(1998-2013年)内的50个省。我们的结果提供了有关高铁可达性对游客结果影响的混合证据。一方面,我们发现空中交通受到高铁的负面影响,空中交通是游客入境人数的有力预测指标。这表明高铁对游客结果的间接影响是负面的。另一方面,高铁可能会对旅游业产生积极(微弱)的直接影响。但是,这种结果取决于HSR可访问性和所使用的计量经济学技术。因此,高铁对旅游业成果的净效应并非始终是积极的。这种模式可能归因于网络设计无法满足乘客需求,并且对空中运输具有替代作用,而空中运输是长途游客出行的主要方式。 (C)2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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