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The effect of slow zones on ridership: An analysis of the Chicago Transit Authority 'El' Blue Line

机译：慢速区域对乘车者的影响：芝加哥运输管理局“ El”蓝线的分析

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摘要

Transit agencies frequently upgrade rail tracks to bring the system to a state of good repair (SGR) and to improve the speed and reliability of urban rail transit service. For safety during construction, agencies establish slow zones in which trains must reduce speed. Slow zones create delays and schedule disruptions that result in customer dissatisfaction and discontinued use of transit, either temporarily or permanently. While transit agencies are understandably concerned about the possible negative effects of slow zones, empirical research has not specifically examined the relationship between slow zones and ridership. This paper partially fills that gap. Using data collected from the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) Customer Experience Survey, CTA Slow Zone Maps, and, the Automatic Fare Collection System (AFC), it examines whether recurring service delays due to slow zones affect transit rider behavior and if the transit loyalty programs, such as smart card systems, increase or decrease rider defections. Findings suggest that slow zones increase headway deviation which reduces ridership. Smart card customers are more sensitive to slow zones as they are more likely to stop using transit as a result of delay. The findings of this paper have two major policy implications for transit agencies: (1) loyalty card users, often the most reliable source of revenue, are most at risk for defection during construction and (2) it is critical to minimize construction disruptions and delays in the long run by maintaining state of good repair. The results of this paper can likely be used as the basis for supporting immediate funding requests to bring the system to an acceptable state of good repair as well as stimulating ideas about funding reform for transit. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：运输机构经常升级铁路轨道，以使系统达到良好的维修状态（SGR），并提高城市轨道交通服务的速度和可靠性。为了确保施工期间的安全，代理商建立了慢速区域，列车必须在该区域内减速。慢速区域会造成延误和计划中断，从而导致客户不满意并暂时或永久性地中止使用公交。可以理解的是，尽管过境机构担心慢速区域可能产生的负面影响，但实证研究并未专门研究慢速区域与乘客人数之间的关系。本文填补了这一空白。使用从芝加哥运输管理局（CTA）客户体验调查，CTA慢速区地图和自动票价收集系统（AFC）收集的数据，检查由于慢速区引起的定期服务延误是否影响过境乘客的行为以及过境忠诚度诸如智能卡系统之类的程序会增加或减少骑手的叛逃。研究结果表明，慢速区域会增加车头偏离，从而减少乘车人次。智能卡客户对慢速区域更加敏感，因为他们很可能由于延迟而停止使用公交。本文的调查结果对运输机构有两个主要的政策含义：（1）会员卡用户，通常是最可靠的收入来源，在施工过程中最容易发生背叛风险；（2）最大限度地减少施工中断和延误至关重要通过长期维护良好的维修状态。本文的结果很可能可以用作支持紧急资金需求的基础，以使系统达到良好的可接受维修状态，并激发有关过境资金改革的想法。 （C）2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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