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Increased productivity efforts yield few rewards in the knowledge economy

机译：增加生产力的努力在知识经济中几乎没有回报

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摘要

Population aging is reducing access to knowledge workers even as they are becoming more important to economic growth. Thus far, corporations and governments alike have made the intuitive yet untested assumption that working the existing workforce harder and longer can alleviate the economic fallout. This is based on the 'success' similar efforts have previously seen in production industries characterized by physical inputs. Our study provides evidence that these successes may not carry over to industries, such as transportation that are reliant on intellectual skill. It is shown that meeting productivity goals by increasing the job demands of knowledge workers, specifically air traffic controllers, compromises the provision of new kinds of value added. Furthermore, it is demonstrated for the first time that increasing job duration exacerbates the effects of job demand on human performance. Coping with staffing shortages by asking that knowledge workers simply 'do more' may impede rather than stimulate economic growth. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：人口老龄化正在减少知识工作者的获取，尽管他们对经济增长变得越来越重要。迄今为止，公司和政府都做出了直观但未经检验的假设，即加大现有劳动力的工作量和延长其工作时间可以减轻经济影响。这是基于以前在以物理投入为特征的生产行业中看到的类似“成功”的努力。我们的研究提供的证据表明，这些成功可能不会延续到诸如依赖知识技能的运输等行业。结果表明，通过增加知识型员工（特别是空中交通管制员）的工作需求来达到生产率目标，会损害提供新型增值的能力。此外，首次证明增加的工作时间会加剧工作需求对人类绩效的影响。通过要求知识型员工简单地“做更多”来解决人员短缺问题，可能会阻碍而不是刺激经济增长。 （C）2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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