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Analyzing scale independence in jobs-housing and commute efficiency metrics

机译:分析职位住房和通勤效率指标中的规模独立性

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Understanding journey to work travel patterns remains an important concern for planners and policy-makers from the viewpoint of economic, environmental, and social sustainabil-ity. Researchers, keen to inform metropolitan scale planning efforts, have devised ways of benchmarking regional commuting and land use phenomena. The foundation for these benchmarks rests on metrics that quantify the home-job proximity in terms of the aggregate arrangement of workers relative to jobs. Emanating from the literature on 'excess commuting' and 'jobs housing balance', these metrics are increasingly moving towards policy applications. Despite major methodological developments over the last decade, a key methodological issue remains unresolved. Recently developed metrics under this regional macro-scale framework use zonal-based spatial data (e.g. census tracts or traffic analysis zones (TAZs)) and consequently the values of the metrics may be influenced by the scale (e.g. zone size varies between census blocks versus tracts) and zonal partitioning scheme. Moreover it is not known if values of these metrics vary across scale, and exhibit self-similarity, meaning whether it is possible to infer values from one scale to another. This study examines the relationship between the commuting efficiency framework and spatial scale issues by implementing a suite of commuting metrics in the Boise, Idaho USA metropolitan area. Simulations using geographic information systems (CIS), optimization techniques and fractal analysis show that newer metrics developed post 2002 do not vary with scale, while those devised pre-2002 vary with scale but do so in a predictable way.
机译:从经济,环境和社会可持续性的角度出发,了解上班途中的出行方式仍然是计划者和决策者的重要问题。研究人员热衷于为都市规模规划工作提供信息,他们已经设计出了基准测试通勤和土地使用现象的方法。这些基准的基础基于可根据工人相对于工作的总体安排来量化家庭与工作之间的接近度的指标。从有关“通勤过度”和“工作住房平衡”的文献中得出的这些指标正越来越多地应用于政策应用。尽管在过去的十年中方法学取得了重大进展,但关键的方法论问题仍未解决。在该区域宏观尺度框架下最近开发的度量标准使用基于区域的空间数据(例如,人口普查区域或交通分析区域(TAZ)),因此,度量标准的值可能会受到该尺度的影响(例如,区域大小在人口普查区与区域划分方案)。此外,还不知道这些度量的值是否在整个范围内变化,并且表现出自相似性,这意味着是否有可能将一个范围的值推导到另一范围。本研究通过在美国爱达荷州博伊西市大都会区实施一套通勤指标,研究了通勤效率框架与空间尺度问题之间的关系。使用地理信息系统(CIS),优化技术和分形分析进行的模拟表明,2002年后开发的较新指标不会随规模而变化,而2002年前设计的指标会随规模而变化,但以可预测的方式变化。

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