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Urban public transport in Europe: Technology diffusion and market organisation

机译：欧洲城市公共交通：技术传播和市场组织

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摘要

Technological change and incremental technology, at various levels, are believed to have played an important role in the success of urban public transport in Europe. In this paper, a historical overview of the evolution of different transport modes across different European cities is presented. Our major concern is with the processes of diffusion of urban transport modes in European cities and, in particular, with the factors, mainly of an economic nature, that may explain their rates of adoption across Europe. Among these factors, special attention is given to the role played by the dimension and organisation of public transport markets in the rates of adoption of different public transport modes. The main conclusion of the paper is that the success of the introduction of a new transport mode appeared to be mainly related to its ability to provide cheaper and more reliable transport services compared with previous transport modes, and that, in the case of the electric tram, this was achieved by transforming of the structure of the market relating to this urban transport mode into monopolies.
机译：人们认为，各个层面的技术变革和增量技术在欧洲城市公共交通的成功中发挥了重要作用。本文介绍了欧洲不同城市之间不同交通方式演变的历史回顾。我们主要关注的是欧洲城市中城市交通方式的传播过程，尤其是主要来自经济性质的因素，这些因素可以解释其在欧洲的采用率。在这些因素中，应特别注意公共交通市场的规模和组织在采用不同的公共交通方式时所扮演的角色。本文的主要结论是，引入新的运输方式的成功似乎主要与它能够提供比以前的运输方式更便宜，更可靠的运输服务有关，并且在电车的情况下，这是通过将与这种城市交通模式有关的市场结构转变为垄断来实现的。

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  • 来源
    《Transportation Research》 |2012年第2期|p.269-284|共16页
  • 作者

    Alvaro Costa; Ruben Fernandes;

  • 作者单位

    CITTA - Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;

    CITTA - Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    urban public transport; technological change;

    机译：城市公共交通;技术变革;

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