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The value of time and external benefits in bicycle appraisal

机译：时间和外部收益在自行车评估中的价值

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We estimate the value of time savings, different cycling environments and additional benefits in cost-benefit analysis of cycling investments. Cyclists' value of travel time savings turns out to be high, considerably higher than the value of time savings on alternative modes. Cyclists also value other improvements highly, such as separated bicycle lanes. As to additional benefits of cycling improvements in the form of health and reduced car traffic, our results do not support the notion that these will be a significant part in a cost-benefit analysis. Bicyclists seem to take health largely into account when making their travel choices, implying that it would be double-counting to add total health benefits to the analysis once the consumer surplus has been correctly calculated. As to reductions in car traffic, our results indicate that the cross-elasticity between car and cycle is low, and hence benefits from traffic reductions will be small. However, the valuations of improved cycling speeds and comfort are so high that it seems likely that improvements for cyclists are cost-effective compared to many other types of investments, without having to invoke second-order, indirect effects. In other words, our results suggest that bicycle should be viewed as a competitive mode of travel and not primarily as a means to achieve improved health or reduced car traffic.
机译：在自行车投资的成本效益分析中，我们估算了节省时间，不同自行车环境以及其他收益的价值。事实证明，骑自行车的人节省旅行时间的价值很高，远高于其他模式节省时间的价值。骑自行车的人还高度评价其他改进，例如分开的自行车道。至于以健康的形式改善骑行和减少汽车交通带来的其他好处，我们的结果并不支持这些观念将在成本效益分析中发挥重要作用的观点。骑自行车的人在选择旅行时，似乎在很大程度上考虑了健康状况，这意味着一旦正确地计算了消费者剩余，便会在分析中增加总的健康益处。关于减少汽车交通，我们的结果表明，汽车和自行车之间的交叉弹性较低，因此减少交通的收益将很小。然而，提高骑行速度和舒适性的价值如此之高，以至于骑自行车者的改进与许多其他类型的投资相比似乎具有成本效益，而不必引起二阶间接影响。换句话说，我们的研究结果表明，应该将自行车视为一种竞争性的出行方式，而不应主要视为改善健康状况或减少汽车交通的一种手段。

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