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Concentrations and personal exposure to black carbon particles at airports and on commercial flights

机译：机场和商业航班中黑碳颗粒的浓度和个人暴露

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The volume of passengers carried by airlines increased by 57% globally in the period 2005-2014. This value is more outstanding when observed regionally, especially in developing countries (for example, Brazil experienced a rise of 121% over the same period). This large growth of civil aviation enhances air pollution levels and poses health risks to passengers, airport workers and the population living close to airfields. We measured black carbon (BC) particle concentrations using hand-held devices within different microenvironments of 12 airports and on 41 non-smoking commercial flights, totalling 154 h of data. The largest BC concentrations were found during boarding and disembarking (mean 3.78 mu g m(-3)), followed by large concentrations at the airport concourse (mean 3.16 mu g m(-3)) and inside parked aircraft with open doors (mean 2.78 mu g m(-3)). BC levels were remarkably low when the aircraft were on the ground with the doors closed (mean 0.81 mu g m(-3)), with incidental relatively high concentrations (BC at 95th percentile = 2.82 mu g m(-3)) suggesting that exhaust plumes from the apron enter the cabin through the ventilation system. The lowest BC concentrations were found during the flights (mean 0.20 mu g m(3), 95th percentile = 0.52 mu g m(-3)). The data show that the concourse and the transit to/from the aircraft contributed disproportionally to the personal exposure and accounted for an average of 52% and 19% of the total exposure during a journey, respectively. The results suggest that these two microenvironments should be targeted to reduce exposure of passengers and airport workers to BC particles. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：在2005年至2014年期间，全球航空公司的乘客量增长了57％。从区域观察，尤其是在发展中国家（例如，同期巴西的增长率为121％），该值更加出色。民航业的迅速发展提高了空气污染水平，并对旅客，机场工作人员和居住在机场附近的人们构成了健康风险。我们使用手持设备在12个机场的不同微环境中和41个非吸烟商业航班上测量了黑碳（BC）颗粒浓度，总计154小时的数据。在登机和下船期间发现最大的BC浓度（平均3.78μgm（-3）），然后在机场大厅（平均3.16μgm（-3））和开着门的停放飞机内部发现最大BC浓度（平均2.78μm）。 gm（-3））。当飞机在关上门的地面上时，BC水平非常低（平均0.81μgm（-3）），偶然浓度相对较高（BC在95％= 2.82μgm（-3）），表明排气羽状流从围裙通过通风系统进入机舱。在飞行过程中发现最低的BC浓度（平均0.20μg m（3），第95个百分位数= 0.52μg m（-3））。数据显示，进出飞机场的大厅和过境对个人暴露的贡献不成比例，分别占旅程总暴露的52％和19％。结果表明，应针对这两个微环境，以减少旅客和机场工作人员暴露于BC颗粒。 （C）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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