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首页> 外文期刊>Transportation Research. Part A, Policy and Practice >Economies of scale in bus transit service in the USA: How does cost efficiency vary by agency size and level of contracting?
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Economies of scale in bus transit service in the USA: How does cost efficiency vary by agency size and level of contracting?

机译：美国公交服务的规模经济：成本效率如何随代理商规模和签约水平而变化？

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Past studies of economies of scale in transit have tended to treat the transit industry as a set of similar agencies that have the same cost structure, and have conducted an analysis for the entire range of agency size using a single regression function. This may have caused problems in the interpretation of analysis results because agencies of different sizes that may have different cost structures are treated as a homogeneous data set. In this paper, I examine the issues of economies of scale in the provision of fixed-route bus transit service in the USA, using level of contracting as a variable to classify agencies into three different size groups. In this analysis, using a significantly larger pooled data set (compared to previous studies) constructed from the National Transit Database of the US Federal Transit Administration from 1992 to 2000, I found that agencies with different levels of contracting exhibit very different relationships between cost per vehicle hour and agency size. Applying the observed range of agency size, I also found diseconomies of scale for all agency sizes with all levels of contracting, even when I utilized a quadratic function for the regression equation. While the analysis is limited since the model did not control for many other explanatory variables, the findings suggest that the level of contracting is possibly an important variable, among many attributes of transit systems, with which to classify agencies into different size groups, each of which has a different transit cost structure.
机译：过去有关过境规模经济的研究倾向于将过境行业视为一组具有相同成本结构的类似代理，并使用单个回归函数对代理规模的整个范围进行了分析。这可能在解释分析结果时引起了问题，因为可能具有不同成本结构的不同规模的代理商被视为同类数据集。在本文中，我使用签约水平作为变量将代理商划分为三个不同规模的组，研究了美国固定路线公交服务提供中规模经济的问题。在此分析中，使用了从1992年至2000年从美国联邦运输管理局的国家运输数据库构建的更大的合并数据集（与以前的研究相比），我发现具有不同签约水平的代理商在每笔费用之间存在非常不同的关系。车辆小时数和代理商规模。应用观察到的代理机构规模范围，即使在回归方程中使用二次函数的情况下，我也发现了在所有合同规模下所有代理机构规模的规模不经济。尽管由于该模型不能控制许多其他解释变量而使分析受到限制，但调查结果表明，在运输系统的许多属性中，合同签订水平可能是一个重要的变量，通过该属性可以将代理商分为不同的规模组，每个组具有不同的运输成本结构。

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