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Roadway determinants of bicyclist exposure to volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide

机译：骑行者接触挥发性有机化合物和一氧化碳的巷道决定因素

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Few studies have quantified relationships between bicyclist exposure to air pollution and roadway and traffic variables. As a result, transportation professionals are unable to easily estimate exposure differences among bicycle routes for network planning, design, and analysis. This paper estimates the effects of roadway and travel characteristics on bicyclist exposure concentrations, controlling for meteorology and background conditions. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are modeled using high-resolution data collected on-road. Results indicate that average daily traffic (ADT) provides a parsimonious way to characterize the impact of roadway characteristics on bicyclists' exposure. VOC and CO exposure increase by approximately 2% per 1000 ADT, robust to different regression model specifications. Exposure on off-street facilities is higher than at a park, but lower than on-street riding - with the exception of a path through an industrial corridor with significantly higher exposure. VOC exposure is 20% higher near intersections. Traffic, roadway, and travel variables have more explanatory power in the VOC models than the CO model. The quantifications in this paper enable calculation of expected exposure differences among travel paths for planning and routing applications. The findings also have policy and design implications to reduce bicyclists' exposure. Separation between bicyclists and motor vehicle traffic is a necessary but not sufficient condition to reduce exposure concentrations; off-street paths are not always low-exposure facilities. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：很少有研究量化骑自行车的人暴露于空气污染与道路和交通变量之间的关系。结果，运输专业人员无法轻松估计自行车路线之间的暴露差异，以进行网络规划，设计和分析。本文估算了道路和出行特征对骑车人接触浓度的影响，并控制了气象和背景条件。使用道路上收集的高分辨率数据对挥发性有机化合物（VOC）和一氧化碳（CO）的浓度进行建模。结果表明，平均每日交通量（ADT）提供了一种简化的方式来表征道路特征对骑车人暴露的影响。每1000 ADT的VOC和CO暴露量增加约2％，对不同的回归模型规格具有鲁棒性。路外设施的暴露程度高于公园，但低于街上骑行者-穿过工业走廊的道路暴露率明显更高。在十字路口附近，VOC暴露高出20％。在VOC模型中，交通，道路和行驶变量比CO模型具有更多的解释能力。通过本文中的量化，可以计算出用于计划和路线选择应用的行进路径之间的预期暴露差异。研究结果还具有减少自行车骑行者暴露的政策和设计意义。降低骑车人的浓度是必要的但不是充分的条件，骑自行车的人和机动车的交通要分开。街外路径并非总是低暴露的设施。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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