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首页> 外文期刊>Transportation Research. Part A, Policy and Practice >A model for optimizing electronic toll collection systems
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A model for optimizing electronic toll collection systems

机译：优化电子收费系统的模型

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摘要

This paper examines the deployment of electronic toll collection (ETC) and develops a model to maximize social welfare associated with a toll plaza. A payment choice model estimates the share of traffic using ETC as a function of delay, price, and a fixed cost of acquiring the in-vehicle transponder. Delay in turn depends on the relative number of ETC and manual collection lanes. Price depends on the discount given to users of the ETC lanes. The fixed cost of acquiring the transponder (not simply a monetary cost, but also the effort involved in signing up for the program) is a key factor in the model. Once a traveler acquires the transponder, the cost of choosing ETC in the future declines significantly. Welfare depends on the market share of ETC, and includes delay and gasoline consumption, toll collection costs, and social costs such as air pollution. This work examines the best combination of ETC lanes and toll discount to maximize welfare. Too many ETC lanes cause excessive delay to non-equipped users. Too high a discount costs the highway agency revenue needed to operate the facility. The model is applied to California's Carquinez Bridge, and recommendations are made concerning the number of dedicated ETC lanes and the appropriate ETC discount.
机译：本文研究了电子收费系统（ETC）的部署，并开发了一个模型来最大化与通行费广场相关的社会福利。付款选择模型使用ETC估算流量的份额，它是延迟，价格和获取车载应答器的固定成本的函数。反过来，延迟取决于ETC和手动收集通道的相对数量。价格取决于给予ETC车道用户的折扣。获取应答器的固定成本（不仅仅是金钱成本，还包括注册程序所涉及的工作量）是模型中的关键因素。一旦旅行者获得了应答器，将来选择ETC的成本就会大大降低。福利取决于ETC的市场份额，包括延误和汽油消耗，通行费成本以及诸如空气污染之类的社会成本。这项工作研究了ETC车道和通行费折扣的最佳组合，以最大程度地提高福利。 ETC通道过多会给未配备设备的用户带来过多的延迟。折扣过高会使运营机构需要高速公路代理收入。该模型应用于加利福尼亚的Carquinez桥，并就专用ETC车道的数量和适当的ETC折扣提出了建议。

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