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首页> 外文期刊>Transportation research >New highway geometric design methods for minimizing vehicular fuel consumption and improving safety
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New highway geometric design methods for minimizing vehicular fuel consumption and improving safety

机译：减少车辆燃油消耗并提高安全性的新型公路几何设计方法

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摘要

This paper proposes separate computational methods for evaluating (1) fuel efficiency, (2) sight distance deficiencies and (3) expected accident costs for a given highway alignment, depending on its detailed geometric characteristics. A fuel consumption model is developed based on two important concepts: (ⅰ) variability in the amount of fuel consumed by vehicles depending on variability in highway geometry and (ⅱ) minimization of the fuel consumption by ensuring conditions suitable for driving at cruising speed. The methods estimate the fuel consumption by integrating vehicle propulsive force necessary to maintain the cruising speed from the beginning to the end of an alternative highway being evaluated. A sight distance model that not only automatically calculates available sight distance (ASD) and stopping sight distance (SSD), but also evaluates sight distance deficiency of alternative alignments is proposed. The total sight distance deficiency of an alternative alignment is estimated based on (ⅰ) the length of the road segments where ASD ＜ SSD and (ⅱ) the significance of sight distance restriction. A crash prediction model proposed in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) is adopted to evaluate and compare alternative alignments from safety perspective. A case study is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed methods. These methods will be integrated into a highway alignment optimization model (HAO) previously developed by the authors to evaluate numerous possible alternative alignments of a new highway system through tradeoffs among various relevant decision criteria. Those criteria may include vehicle fuel efficiency, sight distance, and safety, besides various cost factors, such as the construction cost, maintenance cost, user cost, and environmental impact cost Such an integrated modeling framework will help evaluate green and environmentally sustainable highways. Many extensions of the work remain to be worked in the future, for example: (1) the effects of gain in propulsive force when traveling down from the crest of a curve; and (2) variability in fuel consumption rate based on vehicle type, gradient, critical length of grade, weather, and other factors.
机译：本文提出了一种单独的计算方法，用于评估（1）燃油效率，（2）视距不足和（3）给定公路路线的预期事故成本，具体取决于其详细的几何特征。基于两个重要概念开发了燃油消耗模型：（ⅰ）车辆消耗的燃油量随公路几何形状的变化而变化；以及（ⅱ）通过确保适合于以巡航速度行驶的条件使燃油消耗最小化。该方法通过综合从被评估的替代公路的起点到终点保持巡航速度所需的车辆推进力来估算燃油消耗。提出了一种视距模型，该模型不仅可以自动计算可用视距（ASD）和停止视距（SSD），而且还可以评估替代路线的视距不足。根据（ⅰ）ASD ＜SSD的路段长度和（ⅱ）视距限制的重要性来估算替代路线的总视距不足。公路安全手册（HSM）中提出的碰撞预测模型用于从安全角度评估和比较替代路线。案例研究表明了所开发方法的有效性。这些方法将集成到作者先前开发的高速公路路线优化模型（HAO）中，以通过各种相关决策标准之间的折衷评估新高速公路系统的众多可能替代路线。除了各种成本因素（例如建筑成本，维护成本，用户成本和环境影响成本）外，这些标准还可能包括车辆的燃油效率，视距和安全性。这样一个集成的建模框架将有助于评估绿色和环境可持续的高速公路。将来仍有许多工作要做，例如：（1）从曲线的顶部向下移动时获得的推进力的影响； （2）燃油消耗率的变化取决于车辆类型，坡度，坡度的临界长度，天气和其他因素。

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