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User-equilibrium route flows and the condition of proportionality

机译：用户平衡路径流量和相称条件

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摘要

User-equilibrium (UE) static deterministic traffic assignment is a widely accepted model among researchers, and is extensively applied in travel forecasting practice. UE route flows are also quite commonly used in methodological research as well as in practical applica tions, even though it is well known that route flows are not uniquely determined by the UE conditions. One way to resolve this dilemma is by imposing an additional condition, such as the condition of proportionality. The purpose of the research findings presented here is to examine the nature and mag nitude of the differences in route flows and multi-class link flows in a realistic setting by applying three assignment software tools in a case study based on the network of the Chi cago region. The case study includes a single class version as well as a multi-class version with two classes: private cars and trucks. The assignment tools represent three categories of algorithms: link-based, route-based and pairs-of-alternative-segments-based. For each of the first two types we chose one tool that is commonly used in practice. For the third type, a research tool was used. Select link analyses from the various solutions are compared in a pair-wise manner, showing that the differences in the results cannot be neglected. A method to evaluate the satisfaction of proportionality for each assignment solution by itself is presented, and applied to all the solutions. The link-based solutions satisfy proportionality reasonably well, but satisfactory levels of UE convergence require very substantial computation times. The route-based assignment tool offers quick and precise convergence, but the resulting solutions deviate considerably from the condition of proportionality. The pairs-of-alterna tive-segments-based tool offers quick and precise convergence and generally satisfies pro portionality. The authors believe that these findings stem from the nature of link-based and route-based algorithms, and thus apply to most algorithms in these categories. These conclusions should be taken into consideration by researchers in developing new algorithms, as well as by practitioners in choosing which software tool to apply. Additional assignment tools that aim to offer quick and precise convergence as well as proportionality have been announced more recently; however, they were not available for evaluation at the time the research was conducted. Their evaluation is a task that remains for future studies.
机译：用户平衡（UE）静态确定性交通分配是研究人员广泛接受的模型，并广泛应用于旅行预测实践中。 UE路由流在方法学研究和实际应用中也非常普遍，即使众所周知，路由流并不是由UE条件唯一确定的。解决这一难题的一种方法是施加一个附加条件，例如比例条件。本文提出的研究结果的目的是，通过在基于Chi cago网络的案例研究中应用三种分配软件工具，在现实的环境中检查路线流和多类链接流差异的性质和大小。区域。案例研究包括一个单一类别的版本以及一个具有两个类别的多类别版本：私家车和卡车。分配工具代表三类算法：基于链接，基于路由和成对的替代段。对于前两种类型中的每一种，我们选择一种实践中常用的工具。对于第三种类型，使用了研究工具。来自各种解决方案的选择链接分析以成对方式进行比较，表明结果的差异不能忽略。提出了一种评估每个分配解决方案本身的比例满意度的方法，并将其应用于所有解决方案。基于链接的解决方案可以很好地满足比例性，但是令人满意的UE收敛水平需要非常长的计算时间。基于路线的分配工具可提供快速而精确的收敛，但最终的解决方案与比例条件有很大的出入。基于交替段对的工具可提供快速而精确的收敛，并且通常满足比例性。作者认为，这些发现源于基于链接和基于路由的算法的性质，因此适用于这些类别中的大多数算法。研究人员在开发新算法时以及从业人员在选择应用哪种软件工具时都应考虑这些结论。最近还发布了旨在提供快速，精确的收敛性和比例性的其他分配工具；但是，在进行研究时尚无法进行评估。他们的评估是一项任务，有待进一步研究。

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