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Congestion derivatives for a traffic bottleneck with heterogeneous commuters

机译：通勤者交通瓶颈的拥挤导数

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摘要

Deterministic congestion pricing has attracted most attentions in the literature. But little attention has been given to pricing under uncertainty, especially for heterogeneous commuters. In this paper, we investigate congestion externalities by considering commuters' risk preferences and heterogeneity. In particular, when price involves exogenous uncertainty which is independent of both central authority and individual commuters, we are able to express commuters' departure equilibria and the total social cost in closed-form in terms of the departure time and uncertainty. Moreover, we find that uncertainty will lead heterogeneous risk-averse commuters not only to avoid traveling at the time when uncertainty level is high, but also to deviate from their optimal departure sequence. Hence, we are able to show that uncertainty can tremendously increase the total social cost. Furthermore, we also prove that both the central planner and the market-base mechanism have the potential to reduce the total social cost and alter commuters' departure behavior. Specifically, we find out that the central planner can always find a class of financial derivatives to induce the socially optimal departure behavior, while the market-based mechanism may do so at specific cases. Finally, numerical formulation and experiments are given to assess the robustness of our results for more general forms of uncertainties and derivatives.
机译：确定性拥塞定价在文献中引起了最多的关注。但是，对于不确定性下的定价，特别是对于异构通勤者而言，很少有人关注。在本文中，我们通过考虑通勤者的风险偏好和异质性来研究交通拥堵的外部性。尤其是，当价格涉及外来不确定性，而该不确定性既独立于中央政府又不影响单个通勤者时，我们就可以根据启程时间和不确定性以通俗的形式表达通勤者的离场平衡和总社会成本。此外，我们发现不确定性将导致异类风险规避通勤者不仅避免在不确定性水平较高时旅行，而且会偏离其最佳出发顺序。因此，我们能够证明不确定性会极大地增加总的社会成本。此外，我们还证明，中央计划者和市场基础机制都有降低总社会成本和改变通勤者离职行为的潜力。具体来说，我们发现中央计划者总是可以找到一类金融衍生品来诱发社会上最优的离职行为，而基于市场的机制可能会在特定情况下这样做。最后，给出数值公式和实验以评估不确定性和导数的更一般形式的结果的稳健性。

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  • 来源
    《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》 |2012年第10期|1454-1473|共20页
  • 作者

    Tao Yao; Mike Mingcheng Wei; Bo Zhang; Terry Friesz;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 349 Leonhard Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States;

    Olin Business School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1133, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States;

    Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 240 Leonhard Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States;

    Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 305 Leonhard Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    congestion derivative; bottleneck model; heterogeneous commuters; market-based mechanism;

    机译：拥塞导数瓶颈模型异类通勤者;市场机制;

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