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Effectiveness of Gravity Goods Ropeways in market participation of smallholder farmers in uplands

机译：高地小农农民市场参与的重力货物索道的有效性

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摘要

Isolated from the market due to harsh terrain, low farm productivity and poor road connectivity, the majority of farmers in the upland region of Nepal practice subsistence farming characterized by abject poverty. This study investigates whether Gravity Goods Ropeway (GGR) improves market participation and livelihood of smallholder farmers in uplands. 113 households' surveys, 6 focus group discussions, and 39 key informant interviews were conducted in 3 upland villages of Nepal. The before-after analysis was applied to examine the impact of GGR. With reduced average travel time to end market by 57% (p 0.05), the farmers were able to transport high-quality products directly to small-scale (retailers and consumer) and large-scale (wholesaler) buyers eliminating the role of intermediaries. Additionally, GGR significantly reduced transportation cost by 43% (p 0.05), post-harvest loss by 39% (p 0.05), and time for information search enabling farmers to dictate and capture higher share in final selling price. The average quantity of high-value crops (vegetable) supplied to the output market (84%), farm income (84%) and food expenditure (31%) increased significantly (p 0.05) fulfilling the food needs of upland farmers for the entire year through the increased purchase of rice, pulses and processed food. Unlike the output market, the farmers' participation in purchasing fertilizer, seeds and other equipment in the input market remained low as they continued to rely on traditional methods because of low cost and local applicability. Therefore, GGR could be one of the suitable technology for upland of Nepal. However, further research is required focusing on the financial (cost/benefit) aspect, a possibility of improving the technology and operation mechanism which will genuinely justify that GGR is a suitable technology in mountain regions of Nepal and elsewhere with similar topographic conditions.
机译：由于严酷的地形，低农场生产力和差的道路连接，大多数农民在尼泊尔实践生育农业的大多数农民所特有的赤字贫困，从市场上隔离。本研究调查了重力货物索道（GGR）是否提高了大陆小农农民的市场参与和生计。 113家庭的调查，6名焦点小组讨论，以及39个关键的信息面试是在尼泊尔的3个高地村庄进行的。施加前后分析以检查GGR的影响。随着平均旅行时间减少到终端市场达到57％（P <0.05），农民能够将高品质的产品直接运输到小规模（零售商和消费者）和大规模（批发商）买家消除中间人的作用。此外，GGR显着降低了运输成本43％（P <0.05），收获后损失39％（P <0.05），信息搜索的时间使农民能够以最终销售价格决定和捕获更高的份额。提供给产出市场的高价值作物（蔬菜）的平均数量（84％），农业收入（84％）和食品支出（31％）显着增加（P <0.05），满足高地农民的粮食需求全年通过增加购买水稻，脉冲和加工食品。与产出市场不同，农民参与投入市场中的采购肥料，种子和其他设备仍然很低，因为由于成本低，本地适用性，他们继续依赖传统方法。因此，GGR可以是尼泊尔高地合适的技术之一。然而，需要进一步研究，重点是财务（成本/福利）方面，改善技术和运营机制的可能性，这将真正证明GGR是尼泊尔山区和其他地形条件的其他地方的合适技术。

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