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The impact of urban form on commuting in large Chinese cities

机译：城市形态对中国大城市通勤的影响

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摘要

Studies on cities in Europe and the United States have demonstrated that travel behaviour is influenced by urban form. Based on these findings policies steering the shape of cities have been proposed to reduce urban transport emissions and limit congestion. Such policies can also be relevant for the rapidly growing and motorising Chinese cities. Yet, empirical evidence on the relationships between urban form and car usage is scarce for the specific Chinese context that is characterised by high densities, fast development and strong government steering. Using novel crowd-sourced datasets we study the impact of several urban form variables (city size, urban density, land-use mix, polycentricity and spatial clustering) on the cost of commuting expressed in time and distance. The results show that city size and spatial clustering are important determinants of commuting: large cities without clear clusters of businesses and other facilities have longer average commuting times and distances. Increased prosperity also adds to longer and lengthier commutes. Spatial planning measures that maintain or reinforce high-density clusters can help limiting commuting distance and time. Current sprawled urban development may have long-term, negative consequences for the accessibility and liveability of Chinese cities and could hamper their economic potential.
机译：对欧美城市的研究表明，出行行为受城市形式的影响。基于这些发现，提出了控制城市形态的政策，以减少城市交通排放并限制交通拥堵。此类政策也可能与快速发展和机动化的中国城市有关。然而，对于以高密度，快速发展和强有力的政府指导为特征的中国特定环境而言，缺乏关于城市形态与汽车使用之间关系的经验证据。使用新颖的众包数据集，我们研究了几种城市形态变量（城市规模，城市密度，土地利用结构，多中心性和空间聚类）对以时间和距离表示的通勤成本的影响。结果表明，城市规模和空间集聚是通勤的重要决定因素：没有明确业务和其他设施集群的大城市的平均通勤时间和距离较长。繁荣的发展也使通勤时间更长，更长。维持或加强高密度集群的空间规划措施可以帮助限制通勤距离和时间。当前无序的城市发展可能会对中国城市的交通和宜居性产生长期的负面影响，并可能阻碍其经济潜力。

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  • 来源
    《Transportation》 |2018年第5期|1269-1295|共27页
  • 作者

    Engelfriet Lara; Koomen Eric;

  • 作者单位

    Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Spatial Econ, Fac Econ & Business Adm, De Boelelaan 1105, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands;

    Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Spatial Econ, Fac Econ & Business Adm, De Boelelaan 1105, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Urban form; Commuting; Chinese cities; Land-use patterns; Travel time;

    机译：城市形态;通勤;中国城市;土地利用方式;出行时间;

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