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Turning cities inside out: transportation and the resurgence of downtowns in North America

机译：彻底改变城市：北美的交通运输和市区繁华

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摘要

North American urban areas have changed dramatically over the last four decades. While downtowns were thought to be in long-term decline 40 years ago, central business districts are today the most vibrant residential and commercial centers throughout a largely suburban continent. This paper examines the role of transportation technology and policy in the earlier decline and recent revival of American downtowns and examines challenges to the continuation of urban regeneration. Major recent investments in physical improvements in central cities have been complemented by a dramatic shift in the locus of logistical and goods processing activities from city centers to outlying areas. While many tout the energy efficiency and environmental benefits of walkable and denser inner cities, a more complete accounting of their impacts also requires analysis of increasing urban congestion and the steady rise in urban goods movement in support of the new development patterns.
机译：在过去的四十年中，北美城市地区发生了巨大变化。人们认为市中心在40年前会长期下降，而如今，中央商务区是整个郊区的最具活力的住宅和商业中心。本文探讨了交通技术和政策在美国市区早日衰落和近期复兴中的作用，并探讨了城市更新持续发展所面临的挑战。最近在中心城市改善体力的重大投资得到了物流和货物加工活动地点从市中心到边远地区的巨大转变的补充。尽管许多人吹捧步行和人口密集的内城区的能源效率和环境效益，但要更全面地了解其影响，还需要分析不断加剧的城市拥堵状况和城市货物流动的稳步上升，以支持新的发展模式。

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