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首页> 外文期刊>Transportation >Estimating the robustness of questionnaire results: lessons from a mixed-mode survey of expectations for tele-working and road-based business travel
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Estimating the robustness of questionnaire results: lessons from a mixed-mode survey of expectations for tele-working and road-based business travel

机译：评估问卷调查结果的可靠性：混合模式调查对远程工作和基于道路的商务旅行的期望的教训

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The robustness of questionnaire results to various forms of bias are explored in the context of a dual-mode (web and hardcopy) survey of employers' anticipations of levels of employee commuting and business travel activity under a range of future ICT scenarios. The questionnaire incorporated several innovative features which, together with the dual-mode format, allowed an unusually wide range of analyses. For example: the robustness of respondents' opinions was tested by examining the effect of incorporating alternative versions of a briefing text, one being very positive and one very negative, about the role of ICT; instrument bias was identified via detailed comparison of the results from the two versions of the questionnaire; and the impact of exogenous factors which are often ignored or taken as constant was assessed via special supplementary questions. Analysis showed that the robustness of opinions and expectations varied and was influenced by respondent characteristics, and that results from the two versions of the questionnaire differed significantly. It is concluded that opinions and expectations are less robust, and questionnaire results are more subject to bias and myopic interpretation, than is generally recognised and that web-based surveys seem particularly vulnerable to sampling bias. Methods are suggested for measuring robustness, for reducing bias and for validating and contextualising results. The use of contrasting briefing texts is recommended as a means of establishing the robustness of opinions and expectations while supplementary questions are recommended for validating and contextualising SP and SE exercises.
机译：在双模式（网络和硬拷贝）调查的背景下，探索了问卷调查结果对各种形式偏见的稳健性，该调查是在未来的ICT情况下，雇主对员工上下班和商务旅行活动的预期的。问卷包含了几个创新功能，再加上双模式格式，可以进行异常广泛的分析。例如：通过考察结合简报文本的替代版本的效果，来检验受访者意见的鲁棒性，其中一种是非常积极的，另一种是非常消极的信息通信技术的作用；通过对两个版本的调查表的结果进行详细比较，确定仪器的偏倚。通过特殊的补充问题评估了经常被忽略或视为恒定的外源性因素的影响。分析表明，意见和期望的稳健性各不相同，并受受访者特征的影响，并且两种问卷的结果差异很大。结论是，与普遍认可的相比，意见和期望不那么可靠，问卷调查结果更容易受到偏见和近视的影响，基于网络的调查似乎特别容易受到抽样偏见的影响。建议使用一些方法来测量鲁棒性，减少偏差以及验证和确定结果。建议使用对比性的简介文本，以建立观点和期望的稳健性，同时建议使用补充性问题来验证和情境化SP和SE练习。

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