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Understanding travel time expenditures around the world: exploring the notion of a travel time frontier

机译：了解世界各地的旅行时间支出：探索旅行时间边界的概念

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摘要

Travel behavior researchers have been intrigued by the amount of time that people allocate to travel in a day, i.e., the daily travel time expenditure, commonly referred to as a "travel time budget". Explorations into the notion of a travel time budget have once again resurfaced in the context of activity-based and time use research in travel behavior modeling. This paper revisits the issue by developing the notion of a travel time frontier (TTF) that is distinct from the actual travel time expenditure or budget of an individual. The TTF is defined in this paper as an intrinsic maximum amount of time that people are willing to allocate for travel. It is treated as an unobserved frontier that influences the actual travel time expenditure ' measured in travel surveys. Using travel survey datasets from around the world (i.e., US, Switzerland and India), this paper sheds new light on daily travel time expenditures by modeling the unobserved TTF and comparing these frontiers across international contexts. The stochastic frontier modeling methodology is employed to model the unobserved TTF as a production frontier. Separate models are estimated for commuter and non-commuter samples to recognize the differing constraints between these market segments. Comparisons across the international contexts show considerable differences in average unobserved TTF values.
机译：旅行行为研究人员对人们每天分配的旅行时间（即每天的旅行时间支出，通常称为“旅行时间预算”）很感兴趣。在旅行行为建模中基于活动和时间使用的研究中，对旅行时间预算概念的探索再次浮出水面。本文通过提出与个人实际旅行时间支出或预算不同的旅行时间边界（TTF）概念来重新审视此问题。本文将TTF定义为人们愿意为旅行分配的固有最大时间量。它被视为一个不受观察的边界，会影响在旅行调查中测量的实际旅行时间支出。本文使用来自世界各地（即美国，瑞士和印度）的旅行调查数据集，通过对未观察到的TTF进行建模并在国际环境中比较这些前沿，为日常旅行时间支出提供了新的思路。随机边界建模方法用于将未观察到的TTF建模为生产边界。为通勤者和非通勤者样本估计了单独的模型，以识别这些市场领域之间的不同约束。在国际范围内进行的比较显示，未观察到的TTF平均值存在很大差异。

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