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aircraft noise and engine emissions; airport operations; environmental costs

机译：飞机噪音和发动机排放物；机场运营；环境成本

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摘要

With the increasing trend of charging for externalities and the aim of encouraging the sustainable development of the air transport industry, there is a need to evaluate the social costs of these undesirable side effects, mainly aircraft noise and engine emissions, for different airports. The aircraft noise and engine emissions social costs are calculated in monetary terms for five different sized airports, ranging from hub airports to small regional airports. The number of residences within different levels of airport noise contours and the aircraft noise classifications are the main determinants for accessing aircraft noise social costs. The environmental impacts of aircraft engine emissions include both aircraft landing and take-off and 30-minute cruise. The social costs of aircraft emissions vary by engine type and aircraft category, depending on the damage caused by different engine pollutants on the human health, vegetation, materials, aquatic ecosystem and climate. The results indicate that the relationship appears to be curvilinear between environmental costs and the traffic volume of an airport. The results and methodology of environmental cost calculation could be applied to the proposed European wide harmonised noise charges as well as the social cost benefit analysis of airports.
机译：随着外部性收费的增加趋势以及鼓励航空运输业可持续发展的目标，有必要评估不同机场这些不良副作用的社会成本，主要是飞机噪声和发动机排放。从枢纽机场到小型支线机场，从五个不同规模的机场以货币形式计算了飞机噪声和发动机排放的社会成本。在不同级别的机场噪声等值线内的居住人数和飞机噪声分类是获取飞机噪声社会成本的主要决定因素。飞机发动机排放物的环境影响包括飞机着陆和起飞以及30分钟的巡航。飞机排放的社会成本因发动机类型和飞机类别而异，具体取决于不同发动机污染物对人类健康，植被，材料，水生生态系统和气候造成的损害。结果表明，环境成本与机场交通量之间的关系似乎是曲线的。环境成本计算的结果和方法可以应用于提议的欧洲范围内的统一噪声收费以及机场的社会成本收益分析。

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