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首页> 外文期刊>Trees - Structure and Function >Branch development in custard apple (cherimoya Annona cherimola Miller × sugar apple A. squamosa L.) in relation to tip-pruning and flowering, including effects on production
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Branch development in custard apple (cherimoya Annona cherimola Miller × sugar apple A. squamosa L.) in relation to tip-pruning and flowering, including effects on production

机译：释迦（枝果番荔枝番荔枝×糖苹果A. squamosa L.）的分支发育与梢修剪和开花有关，包括对产量的影响

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Custard apple has cryptic axillary buds, hidden from view by the base of the petiole. This has led to confusion about custard apple’s flowering habit. Flowering only occurs during early branch development, and can be forced at any time of the growing season simply by removing leaves. Here, we show that flowering is terminal, not extra-axillary, and that the apparent continuation of the main stem beyond the flower is, instead, a sympodial branch. Secondary (including sympodial) branching only occurs during early branch development. Thereafter, axillary bud release is inhibited by the subtending leaf. Here, we show that summer tip-pruning of all branches arrests canopy development until the following spring owing to this inhibition. Although summer tip-pruning prevented new vegetative growth in the canopy, fruit size decreased relative to the control trees by ca. 23%. The reason for this decrease was probably related to increased carbon limitation to growth given that dawn water soluble and total non-structural carbohydrate concentrations were lower in the tip-pruned trees. Thus, it appears that the reduced competition between fruit development and new vegetative growth in the tip-pruned trees was more than matched by lower photosynthetic capacity in the arrested canopy. Trees grown inside a shade-house were more vigorous than those grown outside. The difference in vigour had little effect on fruit size.
机译：南美番荔枝有隐匿的腋芽，叶柄底部看不见。这导致人们对南美释迦的开花习性感到困惑。仅在早期分支发育期间开花，并且可以在生长季节的任何时间通过去除叶子而被迫开花。在这里，我们显示出开花是顶生的，而不是腋生的，并且超出花的主要茎的表观延续是相反的，是一个分枝的分支。次生（包括sym生）分支仅在早期分支发育期间发生。此后，对向的叶子抑制了腋芽的释放。在这里，我们显示由于这种抑制作用，所有分支的夏季修剪将阻止冠层发育，直到第二年春天。尽管夏季修剪修剪阻止了树冠上新的营养生长，但果实大小相对于对照树减少了约。 23％。鉴于修剪后的树木中黎明水溶性和总非结构性碳水化合物的浓度较低，这种减少的原因可能与碳对生长的限制增加有关。因此，似乎修剪后的树木的果实发育与新的营养生长之间的竞争减少与被捕获的树冠中较低的光合作用能力相匹配。遮荫棚内生长的树木比外面生长的树木更有活力。活力差异对果实大小影响不大。

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