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FRP GOES DEEP AND FAR

机译：FRP深入发展

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The I-3SW/I-94 tunnel system in Minneapolis, ranges in size from 8- to 14 ft in diameter and varies from 50 to 130 ft underground. Cycles of pressurization and de-pressurization have led to structural distress of the liner and subsequently caused erosion of the friable St. Peter sandstone in which the tunnel was constructed. As a means to restore structural integrity, an external void grouting and crack sealing program was enacted to prevent further structural damage to the tunnel. This grouting program was successful for the most of the tunnel system, except for a segment that was experiencing high ground-water pressure, inflow and a noticeable decrease in effective liner thickness. As such, this segment of 12 ft in diameter, at approximately 100 ft below grade level, needed a structural repair. A proprietary fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) system (StifPipe) with a 3D core layer was selected by the project engineer for this point repair with high loads and limited access. The StifPipe system was installed layer by layer and cured in place with increased ambient temperature by using heaters. Another challenge the project team had to face was to complete installation in a short time period to control pumping cost. The project was completed with success without any significant issues encountered at the project site. The I-35 tunnel repair project marks a record as the deepest application of an FRP system for fully-structural tunnel rehabilitation.
机译：明尼阿波利斯的I-3SW / I-94隧道系统的直径范围为8到14英尺，地下为50到130英尺。加压和减压循环导致了衬砌的结构问题，并随后导致了建造隧道的易碎圣彼得砂岩的侵蚀。作为恢复结构完整性的一种手段，制定了外部空隙灌浆和裂缝密封方案，以防止对隧道的进一步结构破坏。该注浆程序在大多数隧道系统中都是成功的，除了一段经历了高地下水压力，流入量和有效衬砌厚度明显减少的段。因此，该直径为12英尺（低于坡度水平约100英尺）的部分需要进行结构修复。项目工程师选择了具有3D芯层的专有纤维增强聚合物（FRP）系统（StifPipe），以进行高负载和有限访问的点修复。 StifPipe系统逐层安装，并通过使用加热器在环境温度升高的情况下固化到位。项目团队必须面对的另一个挑战是在短时间内完成安装以控制泵送成本。该项目成功完成，在项目现场没有遇到任何重大问题。 I-35隧道维修项目标志着FRP系统在全结构隧道修复中的最深应用。

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