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首页> 外文期刊>TriboTest >A Method for Testing Lubricants under Conditions of Scuffing. Part Ⅱ. The Anti-Seizure Action of Lubricating Oils
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A Method for Testing Lubricants under Conditions of Scuffing. Part Ⅱ. The Anti-Seizure Action of Lubricating Oils

机译：一种在磨损条件下测试润滑剂的方法。第二部分。润滑油的防卡死作用

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This paper describes an investigation of lubricating oils under extreme-pressure (EP) conditions in a specially modified four-ball tester. A new test method developed at the Tribology Department of ITeE described in Part Ⅰ of this paper was used. In this, during a test run, the applied load is increased continuously and the friction torque is measured. A sudden increase in the friction torque indicates the collapse of the lubricating film -where scuffing is initiated. The load at this moment is called the scuffing load. If the load is increased further, it is possible to observe scuffing propagation until seizure occurs, i.e., a defined, maximum friction torque is reached. Thus, scuffing is considered as a process leading to seizure. Using the method, tribological experiments were performed employing various lubricating oils consisting of viscosity-index improvers and antiwear (AW) and extreme-pressure (EP) additives added to a base oil. Mineral and synthetic base oils of different kinematic viscosities were used. The aim was to investigate the influence of such lubricants on scuffing initiation and propagation with the present methodology. In Part Ⅰ it was shown that scuffing initiation depends strongly on the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant; the higher the viscosity, the greater the scuffing load. The presence of AW and EP additives in the lubricant increases the scuffing load significantly. It was also shown that the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant oils has no effect on scuffing propagation. However, scuffing propagation is significantly mitigated by AW and, to a greater extent, by EP additives. The results of surface analyses show the decisive nature of the chemical reactions of AW and EP additives with the steel ball surface under scuffing conditions, as well as the possible diffusion of sulphur and phosphorus. Chemical reactions and diffusion lead to the creation of an inorganic surface layer (probably iron sulphide), the good anti-seizure properties of which limit scuffing propagation.
机译：本文介绍了在经过特殊改进的四球测试仪中对极压（EP）条件下的润滑油进行的研究。使用了本文第一部分所述的由ITeE摩擦学部门开发的新测试方法。在这种情况下，在试运行期间，所施加的负载不断增加，并测量了摩擦扭矩。摩擦转矩的突然增加表明润滑膜的破裂，从而开始刮擦。此时的负载称为划痕负载。如果负荷进一步增加，则可以观察到磨损的蔓延，直到发生咬合，即达到确定的最大摩擦转矩。因此，划伤被认为是导致癫痫发作的过程。使用该方法，使用各种润滑油进行了摩擦学实验，这些润滑油由粘度指数改进剂和添加到基础油中的抗磨（AW）和极压（EP）添加剂组成。使用了不同运动粘度的矿物和合成基础油。目的是用本方法研究这种润滑剂对擦伤开始和蔓延的影响。在第一部分中，表明刮擦开始很大程度上取决于润滑剂的运动粘度。粘度越高，擦伤负荷越大。润滑剂中AW和EP添加剂的存在会显着增加刮擦负荷。还显示出润滑油的运动粘度对擦伤传播没有影响。但是，AW可以显着缓解划痕的蔓延，而EP添加剂可以更大程度地缓解划痕的蔓延。表面分析的结果表明，在磨损条件下，AW和EP添加剂与钢球表面化学反应的决定性性质，以及硫和磷的可能扩散。化学反应和扩散导致形成无机表面层（可能是硫化铁），其良好的抗咬合性能限制了划痕的蔓延。

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