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首页> 外文期刊>Tropical Animal Health and Production >Major causes of mastitis and associated risk factors in smallholder dairy farms in and around Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia
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Major causes of mastitis and associated risk factors in smallholder dairy farms in and around Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia

机译：埃塞俄比亚南部哈瓦萨及其周边的小农场奶牛场乳腺炎的主要原因和相关的危险因素

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A cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2008 to May 2009 in smallholder dairy farms in and around Hawassa to estimate the prevalence of mastitis, to isolate and characterize major bacterial pathogens, and to identify possible associated factors. The study involved a total of 201 milking cows randomly drawn from smallholder farms. The prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis was determined through clinical examination of the udder and using mastitis indicator paper (Bovivet? indicator paper, Kruuse, Denmark). The prevalence of mastitis at cow and quarter level was 30.3 (61/201) and 10.3 (79/766), respectively. Subclinical mastitis was 25.4% and 5.0% was clinical. Stage of lactation significantly affected (P < 0.05) the prevalence of mastitis, with the highest prevalence observed in the late stage of lactation (41.3%) as compared to early (25.0%) and mid (22.1%) stages of lactation. Floor type and bedding had association (P < 0.05) with mastitis prevalence. Cows housed in concrete-floored houses had lower prevalence (19.0%) of mastitis compared to cows kept in soil-floored houses (47.6%). Mastitis prevalence was low in farms which do not use bedding (23.5%) as compared to farms using hay/straw bedding (37.4%). However, age, parity, and history of mastitis had no association (P > 0.05) on the prevalence of mastitis. The pathogens isolated from mastitic cows were Staphylococcus aureus (48.6%), other staphylococci species (15.7%), Streptococcus agalactiae (11.4%), other streptococci (17.1%), Bacillus species (2.9%), and coliforms (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species) (4.3%). Strict hygienic measure of housing and bedding should be considered, in reducing the prevalence of mastitis.
机译：从2008年10月至2009年5月，在哈瓦萨及其周边地区的小规模奶牛场进行了横断面研究，以评估乳腺炎的患病率，分离和鉴定主要细菌病原体并确定可能的相关因素。该研究涉及从小农户中随机抽取的总共201头奶牛。通过对乳房进行临床检查并使用乳腺炎指示纸（Bovivet？指示纸，丹麦克鲁斯）来确定临床和亚临床乳腺炎的患病率。奶牛和四分之一乳腺炎的患病率分别为30.3（61/201）和10.3（79/766）。亚临床乳腺炎为25.4％，临床为5.0％。泌乳阶段显着影响（P <0.05）乳腺炎的患病率，与泌乳早期（25.0％）和中期（22.1％）相比，泌乳后期（41.3％）患病率最高。地板类型和被褥与乳腺炎患病率相关（P <0.05）。与在土房中饲养的牛（47.6％）相比，在混凝土房中饲养的牛的乳腺炎患病率较低（19.0％）。与使用干草/秸秆垫层的农场（37.4％）相比，不使用垫层的农场中的乳腺炎患病率低（23.5％）。但是，年龄，胎次和乳腺炎病史与乳腺炎的患病率没有关联（P> 0.05）。从奶牛身上分离出的病原体为金黄色葡萄球菌（48.6％），其他葡萄球菌种类（15.7％），无乳链球菌（11.4％），其他链球菌（17.1％），芽孢杆菌种类（2.9％）和大肠菌（大肠杆菌和克雷伯氏菌）种）（4.3％）。在减少乳腺炎的发生率时，应考虑严格的住房和被褥卫生措施。

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