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Antiviral activity of crude extracts from Commiphora swynnertonii against Newcastle disease virus in ovo

机译：猪笼草的粗提物对卵内新城疫病毒的抗病毒活性

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Studies were carried out to investigate the effect of crude extracts from resin, leaves, stem barks and root barks of Commiphora swynnertonii against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) using an in ovo assay. Nine-day-old embryonated chicken eggs were divided into seven groups (n = 6) and received various treatments. Six groups were inoculated with velogenic NDV strain; five groups out of these were treated with different concentrations of the four extracts or a diluent, dimethylsulphoxide. The uninoculated and inoculated groups were left as negative and positive controls, respectively. Embryo survival was observed daily and embryo weights were measured day 5 post-inoculation; a few eggs from selected groups were left to hatch. Allantoic fluid from treated eggs and serum from hatched chicks were collected for hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests to detect NDV in the eggs and antibodies against NDV in the hatched chicks respectively. Results showed that embryo survival and mean embryo weight were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in those groups which were treated with the crude extracts from C. swynnertonii than the positive control group. Also the extracts significantly (p < 0.001) reduced virus titres, whereas no viruses were detected in the allantoic fluids of the resin-treated group at the highest concentration of 500 μg/mL. Furthermore, the HI test results showed very low levels of antibodies against NDV in chicks hatched from resin and root bark extract-treated eggs suggesting that these plant materials were capable of destroying the NDV before stimulating the developing chick’s immunity. The current findings have clearly demonstrated that crude extracts especially that of resin from C. swynnertonii have strong antiviral activity against NDV in ovo. In vivo trials are needed to validate the use of resin from the tree in controlling Newcastle disease in chickens.
机译：进行了研究，以卵内分析的方式研究了香附子的树脂，叶子，茎皮和根皮的粗提物对新城疫病毒（NDV）的影响。将9天大的胚胎鸡蛋分成7组（n = 6），并接受各种处理。六组接种了velogenic NDV毒株。用不同浓度的四种提取物或稀释剂二甲亚砜处理其中的五组。未接种组和未接种组分别作为阴性和阳性对照。每天观察胚胎存活，并在接种后第5天测量胚胎重量。挑选出的几只卵孵化。收集处理过的鸡蛋的尿囊液和孵化的雏鸡的血清进行血凝和血凝抑制（HI）测试，分别检测卵中的NDV和孵化的雏鸡的抗NDV抗体。结果显示，用温氏梭菌粗提物治疗的组的胚胎存活率和平均胚胎重显着高于阳性对照组（p <0.001）。同样，提取物显着（p <0.001）降低了病毒滴度，而在树脂处理组的尿囊液中，最高浓度为500μg/ mL时未检测到病毒。此外，HI测试结果表明，用树脂和根皮提取物处理过的卵孵出的雏鸡中NDV抗体水平非常低，表明这些植物材料能够在刺激雏鸡免疫之前破坏NDV。目前的发现清楚地表明，粗提物，特别是来自Swynnertonii的树脂的粗提物，对卵内的NDV具有很强的抗病毒活性。需要进行体内试验来验证树中树脂在控制鸡新城疫中的用途。

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