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Seasonal influences on livestock keeping in a sedentary crop–livestock system

机译：久坐农牧系统中对牲畜饲养的季节性影响

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Although seasonality is recognised as an important part of agricultural-based livelihoods, limited literature is available on the subject area, and it is often only alluded to in discussion of other aspects of rural livelihoods. A 2-year longitudinal study to examine the influences of seasonal changes on livestock keeping in a smallholder crop–livestock production system was carried out in Busia District, western Kenya. The study aimed to obtain a picture of yearly variations in household activities and resources, as a means of understanding decisions made by households regarding animal health management, and household times of vulnerability in terms of losing animals. Data collection coincided with the three main seasons in the study area. Information on (inter alia) seasonal livelihood activities, animal health care expenses, numbers of disease episodes and livestock movements into and out of households was collected using questionnaires and participatory rural appraisal methodologies. Farmers suggested clear and consistent seasonal changes and events, but data analyses did not show the patterns expected in relation to livestock keeping. Important observations were made in relation to livestock disease episodes and the use of veterinary services; livestock disease episodes were higher during the long rains than in the dry season, but more money was spent during the dry season when numbers of disease episodes were low, and more households also used professional veterinary services during this season (χ 2 = 81.47, P < 0.001). In both study years, a higher proportion of households treated animals themselves during the rainy seasons (z = −2.4, P = 0.02; z = −5.03, P < 0.001).
机译：尽管人们公认季节性是农业生计的重要组成部分，但有关主题领域的文献有限，而且常常仅在讨论农村生计的其他方面时提及。在肯尼亚西部的比西亚区进行了为期两年的纵向研究，以调查季节性变化对小农作物-畜牧生产系统中牲畜饲养的影响。该研究旨在获得家庭活动和资源每年变化的图片，以此作为理解家庭有关动物健康管理以及家庭因失去动物而易受伤害的时间的决定的手段。数据收集恰逢研究区域的三个主要季节。使用问卷调查和农村参与式评估方法，收集了（尤其是）季节性生计活动，动物保健费用，疾病发作的数量以及牲畜进出家庭的信息。农民提出了清晰，一致的季节变化和事件，但数据分析并未显示出与畜牧业有关的预期模式。关于家畜疾病的发作和兽医服务的使用，有重要的观察；长雨期间的牲畜疾病发病率高于旱季，但在疾病发作次数较少的干旱季节，人们花了更多的钱，在这一季节，更多的家庭也使用了专业兽医服务（χ 2 < / sup> = 81.47，P <0.001）。在这两个研究年中，雨季期间有更高比例的家庭自己处理动物（z = -2.4，P = 0.02； z = -5.03，P <0.001）。

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