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首页> 外文期刊>Tropical Animal Health and Production >A Review of the Factors Affecting the Survival of Donkeys in Semi-arid Regions of Sub-Saharan Africa
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A Review of the Factors Affecting the Survival of Donkeys in Semi-arid Regions of Sub-Saharan Africa

机译：撒哈拉以南非洲半干旱地区驴生存的影响因素综述

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The large fluctuations seen in cattle populations during periods of drought in sub-Saharan Africa are not evident in the donkey population. Donkeys appear to have a survival advantage over cattle that is increasingly recognized by smallholder farmers in their selection of working animals. The donkey's survival advantages arise from both socioeconomic and biological factors. Socioeconomic factors include the maintenance of a low sustainable population of donkeys owing to their single-purpose role and their low social status. Also, because donkeys are not usually used as a meat animal and can provide a regular income as a working animal, they are not slaughtered in response to drought, as are cattle. Donkeys have a range of physiological and behavioural adaptations that individually provide small survival advantages over cattle but collectively may make a large difference to whether or not they survive drought. Donkeys have lower maintenance costs as a result of their size and spend less energy while foraging for food; lower energy costs result in a lower dry matter intake (DMI) requirement. In donkeys, low-quality diets are digested almost as efficiently as in ruminants and, because of a highly selective feeding strategy, the quality of diet obtained by donkeys in a given pasture is higher than that obtained by cattle. Lower energy costs of walking, longer foraging times per day and ability to tolerate thirst may allow donkeys to access more remote, under-utilized sources of forage that are inaccessible to cattle on rangeland. As donkeys become a more popular choice of working animal for farmers, specific management practices need to be devised that allow donkeys to fully maximize their natural survival advantages.
机译：在撒哈拉以南非洲干旱期间，牛群中出现的巨大波动在驴群中并不明显。驴似乎比牛具有生存优势，小农在选择工作动物时越来越认识到驴。驴的生存优势来自社会经济和生物学因素。社会经济因素包括由于其单一目的的作用和较低的社会地位而维持的驴种群可持续性较低。另外，由于驴通常不被用作肉类动物，并且可以作为劳作动物提供固定收入，因此它们不会像牛一样被宰杀。驴具有一系列的生理和行为适应能力，与牛相比，它们个体具有较小的生存优势，但总体而言，它们能否在干旱中生存则具有很大的差异。驴由于大小而降低了维护成本，并且在觅食时花费的能量更少；较低的能源成本导致较低的干物质摄入量（DMI）要求。在驴中，低质量日粮的消化几乎与反刍动物一样有效，并且由于高度选择性的喂养策略，在给定的牧场中，驴获得的日粮质量要高于牛。较低的步行能源成本，每天更长的觅食时间以及忍受口渴的能力可能使驴能够获得牧场上的牛无法获得的更偏远的，利用不足的牧草资源。随着驴成为农民更普遍的工作动物选择，需要制定具体的管理方法，使驴能够充分发挥其自然生存优势。

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