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Experimental investigation on chemical grouting of inclined fracture to control sand and water flow

机译：倾斜裂缝化学注浆控制砂土和水流的实验研究

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摘要

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the propagation of chemical grout in an inclined fracture model to control sand and water flow. The experimental grouting setup for an inclined fracture examines the propagation of chemical grout in water and sand flows by considering the different inclination angles of the fracture. The results show that grouting effectively reduces the discharge of the sand and water mixture. Moreover, the total volume of discharged sand and water is reduced when the fracture has a smaller inclination angle. Further analyses show that there is a critical inclination angle that differentiates two types of grout patterns: the “gel deposition grout pattern” and “erosion dispersion grout pattern”. The former is when the inclination angle of the fracture is less than the critical inclination angle, which is 12.4° in this study, and the water and sand flow can be stopped with grouting. The latter is when the inclination angle is greater than the critical inclination angle, so that grouting will not be able to stop the water and sand flow. The mechanisms of the sealing of inclined fractures are discussed from the perspective of a two-phase flow. It is found that the key to sealing fractures is the formation of a stable sand layer. The grout viscosity and the tendency of the grout to gel not only can reduce the speed of the water flow, but also increase the stability of the deposition of the sand particles, which explains for their improved settlement and the subsequent formation of a porous layer. Finally, the grouting becomes permeation grouting after the formation of the porous layer.
机译：本文提出了在倾斜裂缝模型中控制砂浆和水流的化学灌浆传播的实验研究。针对倾斜裂缝的注浆实验通过考虑裂缝的不同倾角来检查化学灌浆在水和砂流中的传播。结果表明，灌浆有效地减少了沙子和水混合物的排放。而且，当裂缝具有较小的倾斜角时，排出的沙子和水的总量减少。进一步的分析表明，存在一个临界倾角，可以区分两种类型的灌浆模式：“凝胶沉积灌浆模式”和“侵蚀分散灌浆模式”。前者是当裂缝的倾斜角小于临界倾斜角（在本研究中为12.4°）时，可以通过注浆阻止水和砂流。后者是当倾斜角大于临界倾斜角时，因此灌浆将无法阻止水和沙子的流动。从两相流的角度讨论了倾斜裂缝封闭的机理。发现密封裂缝的关键是形成稳定的砂层。水泥浆的粘度和水泥浆的凝胶化趋势不仅可以降低水流的速度，而且可以提高沙粒沉积的稳定性，这说明了它们改善了沉降并随后形成了多孔层。最终，在形成多孔层之后，灌浆变成渗透灌浆。

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